Addition Problem: Solve 545 + 45 Using Vertical Format

$\begin{aligned} &545 \\ +& \\ &~~45 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}$

To solve the problem, we will perform vertical addition of the numbers $545$ and $45$, as follows:

Step 1: Align the numbers correctly, placing the digits in each number in their appropriate columns:

$\begin{array}{c} \phantom{1}545 \\ \phantom{+}45\phantom{0} \\ \underline{\phantom{999}} \end{array}$

Step 2: Perform the addition column by column, starting from the rightmost column (the units place):

• Units place: $5 + 5 = 10$. Write down $0$ and carry over $1$ to the tens column.
• Tens place: $4 + 4 = 8$, plus the carry-over $1$ gives $9$. Write $9$ in the tens column.
• Hundreds place: The only digit is $5$. So, write $5$ in the hundreds column.

Step 3: Write down the complete sum:

$\begin{array}{c} \phantom{1}545 \\ \phantom{+}45\phantom{0} \\ \underline{\phantom{999}} \\ \phantom{99}590 \end{array}$

Therefore, the sum of $545$ and $45$ is $590$.