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Let's solve the problem of adding 37 and 43 using vertical addition:
Therefore, the sum of 37 and 43 is .
80
\( \begin{aligned} &83 \\ +& \\ &~~6 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned} \)
Because 10 = 1 ten + 0 units! In our place value system, each column can only hold digits 0-9. When you get 10, the 1 belongs in the tens place.
You'll get the wrong answer! In this problem, forgetting the carried 1 would give you 70 instead of 80. Always remember: carried number + tens digits = final tens digit.
It's much harder that way! Adding right to left (units first) is easier because you handle carrying as you go. Left to right requires you to estimate and adjust, which creates more mistakes.
Try counting up from the first number! From 37, count by the second number: 37 + 40 = 77, then 77 + 3 = 80. Or use subtraction: 80 - 37 should equal 43.
Same rule applies! If you get 15, write 5 and carry 1. If you get 18, write 8 and carry 1. The units digit stays in that column, the tens digit always gets carried.
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