Solve Vertical Subtraction: 357 minus 19 Step-by-Step

Q: When do I need to borrow in subtraction?

You need to borrow when the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit in any column. Like in this problem: 7 is smaller than 9, so we must borrow from the tens place.

Q: How can I check if my subtraction is correct?

Use addition to check subtraction! Add your answer to the number you subtracted: $ 338 + 19 = 357 $. If you get the original number, you're right!

Q: What if I need to borrow from zero?

When borrowing from 0, you need to keep going left until you find a non-zero digit. Change that digit to 9, and continue borrowing step by step.

Q: Why do we start subtracting from the right?

We start from the ones place (rightmost) because that's how our number system works! Just like when we add, we work from right to left through the place values.

Vertical Subtraction with Borrowing

$\begin{aligned} &357 \\ -& \\ &~~19 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}$

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Step-by-step video solution

Watch the teacher solve the problem with clear explanations

00:00 Solve

00:03 Each time we consider borrowing 2 digits, and then we put

00:06 7 is less than 9

00:09 Therefore we decrease 1 from the tens and add this amount to the ones

00:14 So now instead of 7 we will have 17

00:19 We subtract the ones from the ones plus ten

00:22 We write in the ones place

00:25 We subtract tens from tens, and write in the tens place

00:28 We write 0 in the missing digits

00:32 We subtract hundreds from hundreds, and write in the hundreds place

00:35 And this is the solution to the question

Step-by-step written solution

Follow each step carefully to understand the complete solution

Understand the problem

$\begin{aligned} &357 \\ -& \\ &~~19 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}$

Step-by-step solution

To solve this problem, we need to perform the vertical subtraction of the numbers given:

357 as the minuend
19 as the subtrahend

Let's go through the steps to find the result:

Step 1: Align the numbers vertically based on their place values:
357
- 19
______

Step 2: Start subtracting from the rightmost digits.
- Subtract the units place: $7 - 9$ . Since 7 is smaller than 9, we need to borrow 1 ten (10) from the tens column.

Step 3: After borrowing:
- The 7 becomes 17.
- The tens column changes from 5 to 4.

Now, subtract: $17 - 9 = 8$ .

Step 4: Move to the tens place:
- Subtract: $4 - 1 = 3$ .

Step 5: Move to the hundreds place:
- There is no need for regrouping here, so simply bring down the 3.

The subtraction is complete, giving us:
338

Therefore, the solution to the subtraction problem is $338$ . This corresponds to choice 2 in the provided answer choices.

Final Answer

338

Key Points to Remember

Essential concepts to master this topic

Alignment: Stack digits by place value before subtracting
Borrowing: When 7 - 9 is impossible, borrow 1 ten: 17 - 9 = 8
Check: Add your answer to the subtrahend: 338 + 19 = 357 ✓

Common Mistakes

Avoid these frequent errors

Forgetting to reduce the borrowed digit
Don't borrow 1 from the tens place and forget to change 5 to 4 = wrong answer like 348! This creates an error that carries through the entire problem. Always remember to reduce the digit you borrowed from by 1.

Practice Quiz

Test your knowledge with interactive questions

$\begin{aligned} &105 \\ -& \\ &~~~~3 \\ &\underline{\phantom{776}} & \\ \end{aligned}$

FAQ

Everything you need to know about this question

When do I need to borrow in subtraction?

You need to borrow when the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit in any column. Like in this problem: 7 is smaller than 9, so we must borrow from the tens place.

What happens when I borrow 1 ten?

Borrowing 1 ten means taking 10 from the next column. So 7 becomes 17 (7 + 10), and the 5 in the tens place becomes 4 (5 - 1).

How can I check if my subtraction is correct?

Use addition to check subtraction! Add your answer to the number you subtracted: $338 + 19 = 357$ . If you get the original number, you're right!

What if I need to borrow from zero?

When borrowing from 0, you need to keep going left until you find a non-zero digit. Change that digit to 9, and continue borrowing step by step.

Why do we start subtracting from the right?

We start from the ones place (rightmost) because that's how our number system works! Just like when we add, we work from right to left through the place values.

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