Powers - special cases - Examples, Exercises and Solutions

$112^0=\text{?}$

We use the zero exponent rule.

$X^0=1$We obtain

$112^0=1$Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

1

$5^0=$

We use the power property:

$X^0=1$We apply it to the problem:

$5^0=1$Therefore, the correct answer is C.

$1$

$(\frac{7}{125})^0=\text{?}$

We use the zero exponent rule.

$X^0=1$We obtain:

$\big( \frac{7}{125}\big)^0=1$Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

1

$(\frac{7}{4})^?=1$

Due to the fact that raising any number (except zero) to the power of zero will yield the result 1:

$X^0=1$It is thus clear that:

$(\frac{7}{4})^0=1$Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

0

$(300\cdot\frac{5}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{7})^0=\text{?}$

Due to the fact that raising any number (except zero) to the power of zero will give the result 1:

$X^0=1$Let's examine the expression of the problem:

$(300\cdot\frac{5}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{7})^0$The expression inside of the parentheses is clearly not 0 (it can be calculated numerically and verified)

Therefore, the result of raising to the power of zero will give the result 1, that is:

$(300\cdot\frac{5}{3}\cdot\frac{2}{7})^0 =1$Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

1

$7^5\cdot7^{-6}=\text{?}$

We begin by using the rule for multiplying exponents. (the multiplication between terms with identical bases):

$a^m\cdot a^n=a^{m+n}$We then apply it to the problem:

$7^5\cdot7^{-6}=7^{5+(-6)}=7^{5-6}=7^{-1}$When in a first stage we begin by applying the aforementioned rule and then continue on to simplify the expression in the exponent,

Next, we use the negative exponent rule:

$a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$We apply it to the expression obtained in the previous step:

$7^{-1}=\frac{1}{7^1}=\frac{1}{7}$We then summarise the solution to the problem: $7^5\cdot7^{-6}=7^{-1}=\frac{1}{7}$Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

$$$\frac{1}{7}$

$(8\times9\times5\times3)^{-2}=$

We begin by applying the power rule to the products within the parentheses:

$(z\cdot t)^n=z^n\cdot t^n$That is, the power applied to a product within parentheses is applied to each of the terms when the parentheses are opened,

We apply the rule to the given problem:

$(8\cdot9\cdot5\cdot3)^{-2}=8^{-2}\cdot9^{-2}\cdot5^{-2}\cdot3^{-2}$Therefore, the correct answer is option c.

Note:

Whilst it could be understood that the above power rule applies only to two terms of the product within parentheses, in reality, it is also valid for the power over a multiplication of multiple terms within parentheses, as was seen in the above problem.

A good exercise is to demonstrate that if the previous property is valid for a power over a product of two terms within parentheses (as formulated above), then it is also valid for a power over several terms of the product within parentheses (for example - three terms, etc.).

$8^{-2}\times9^{-2}\times5^{-2}\times3^{-2}$

$12^4\cdot12^{-6}=\text{?}$

We begin by using the power rule of exponents; for the multiplication of terms with identical bases:

$a^m\cdot a^n=a^{m+n}$We apply it to the given problem:

$12^4\cdot12^{-6}=12^{4+(-6)}=12^{4-6}=12^{-2}$When in a first stage we apply the aforementioned rule and then simplify the subsequent expression in the exponent,

Next, we use the negative exponent rule:

$a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$We apply it to the expression that we obtained in the previous step:

$12^{-2}=\frac{1}{12^2}=\frac{1}{144}$Lastly we summarise the solution to the problem: $12^4\cdot12^{-6}=12^{-2} =\frac{1}{144}$Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

$\frac{1}{144}$

$(3a)^{-2}=\text{?}$

$a\ne0$

We begin by using the negative exponent rule:

$b^{-n}=\frac{1}{b^n}$We apply it to the given expression and obtain the following:

$(3a)^{-2}=\frac{1}{(3a)^2}$We then use the power rule for parentheses:

$(x\cdot y)^n=x^n\cdot y^n$We apply it to the denominator of the expression and obtain the following:

$\frac{1}{(3a)^2}=\frac{1}{3^2a^2}=\frac{1}{9a^2}$Let's summarize the solution to the problem:

$(3a)^{-2}=\frac{1}{(3a)^2} =\frac{1}{9a^2}$

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

$\frac{1}{9a^2}$

$10^{-5}=?$

First, let's recall the negative exponent rule:

$b^{-n}=\frac{1}{b^n}$We'll apply it to the expression we received:

$10^{-5}=\frac{1}{10^5}=\frac{1}{100000}=0.00001$In the final steps, we performed the exponentiation in the numerator and then wrote the answer as a decimal.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

$0.00001$

$\frac{1}{12^3}=\text{?}$

To begin with, we must remind ourselves of the Negative Exponent rule:

$a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$We apply it to the given expression :

$\frac{1}{12^3}=12^{-3}$Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

$12^{-3}$

$7^{-4}=\text{?}$

We must first remind ourselves of the negative exponent rule:

$a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$When applied to given the expression we obtain the following:

$7^{-4}=\frac{1}{7^4}=\frac{1}{2401}$

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

$\frac{1}{2401}$

$\frac{1}{(-2)^7}=?$

To begin with we deal with the expression in the denominator of the fraction. Making note of the power rule for exponents (raising an exponent to another exponent):

$(a^m)^n=a^{m\cdot n}$We obtain the following:

$(-2)^7=(-1\cdot2)^7=(-1)^7\cdot2^7=-1\cdot2^7=-2^7$

We then return to the initial problem and apply the above information:

$\frac{1}{(-2)^7}=\frac{1}{-2^7}=\frac{1}{-1}\cdot\frac{1}{2^7}=-\frac{1}{2^7}$$$

In the last step we remember that:

$\frac{1}{-1}=-1$

Next, we remember the Negative Exponent rule ( raising exponents to a negative power)

$a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$We apply it to the expression we obtained in the last step:

$-\frac{1}{2^7}=-2^{-7}$Let's summarize the steps of the solution:

$\frac{1}{(-2)^7}=-\frac{1}{2^7} = -2^{-7}$

$$$$Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

$(-2)^{-7}$

$\frac{1}{2^9}=\text{?}$

We use the power property for a negative exponent:

$a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$We apply it to the given expression:

$\frac{1}{2^9}=2^{-9}$

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

$2^{-9}$

$x^3\cdot x^4\cdot\frac{2}{x^3}\cdot x^{-8}=\text{?}$

First we will rearrange the expression and use the fact that multiplying a fraction means multiplying the numerator of the fraction, and the distributive property of multiplication:

$x^3\cdot x^4\cdot\frac{2}{x^3}\cdot x^{-8}=x^3\cdot x^4\cdot 2\cdot \frac{1}{x^3}\cdot x^{-8}=2\cdot x^3\cdot x^4\cdot \frac{1}{x^3}\cdot x^{-8}$$$Next, we'll use the law of exponents for negative exponents:

$a^{-n}=\frac{1}{a^n}$We'll apply the law of exponents to the expression in the problem:

$2\cdot x^3\cdot x^4\cdot\frac{1}{x^3}\cdot x^{-8} =2\cdot x^3\cdot x^4\cdot x^{-3}\cdot x^{-8}$When we applied the above law of exponents for the fraction in the multiplication,

From now on, we will no longer use the multiplication sign and will switch to the conventional notation where juxtaposition of terms means multiplication between them,

Now we'll recall the law of exponents for multiplying terms with the same base:

$a^m\cdot a^n=a^{m+n}$And we'll apply this law of exponents to the expression we got in the last step:

$2x^3x^4x^{-3}x^{-8} =2x^{3+4+(-3)+(-8)} =2x^{3+4-3-8}=2x^{-4}$When in the first stage we applied the above law of exponents and in the following stages we simplified the expression in the exponent,

Let's summarize the solution steps so far, we got that:
$x^3 x^4\cdot\frac{2}{x^3}\cdot x^{-8}= 2 x^3x^4 x^{-3} x^{-8} =2x^{-4}$

Now let's note that there is no such answer in the given options, a further check of what we've done so far will also reveal that there is no calculation error,

Therefore, we can conclude that additional mathematical manipulation is required to determine which is the correct answer among the suggested answers,

Let's note that in answers A and B there are similar expressions to the one we got in the last stage, however - we can directly rule out the other two options since they are clearly different from the expression we got,

Furthermore, we'll note that in the expression we got, x is in a negative exponent and is in the numerator (Note at the end of the solution on this topic), whereas in answer B it is in a positive exponent and in the denominator (and both are in the numerator - Note at the end of the solution on this topic), so we'll rule out this answer,

If so - we are left with only one option - which is answer A', however we want to verify (and need to verify!) that this is indeed the correct answer:

Let's note that in the expression we got x is in a negative exponent and is in the numerator (Note at the end of the solution on this topic), whereas in answer B it is in a positive exponent and in the denominator , which reminds us of the law of exponents for negative exponents mentioned at the beginning of the solution,

In addition, let's note that in answer B x is in the second power but inside parentheses that are also in the second power, whereas in the expression we got in the last stage of solving the problem x is in the fourth power which might remind us of the law of exponents for power to a power,

We'll check this, starting with the law of exponents for negative exponents mentioned at the beginning of the solution, but in the opposite direction:

$\frac{1}{a^n} =a^{-n}$Next, we'll represent the term with the negative exponent that we got in the last stage of solving the problem, as a term in the denominator of the fraction with a positive exponent:

$2x^{-4}=2\cdot\frac{1}{x^4}$When we applied the above law of exponents,

Next, let's note that using the law of exponents for power to a power, but in the opposite direction:

$a^{m\cdot n}= (a^m)^n$We can conclude that:

$x^4=x^{2\cdot2}=(x^2)^2$Therefore, we'll return to the expression we got in the last stage and apply this understanding:

$2\cdot\frac{1}{x^4} =2\cdot\frac{1}{(x^2)^2}$ Let's summarize then the problem-solving stages so far, we got that:

$x^3 x^4\cdot\frac{2}{x^3}\cdot x^{-8}=2x^{-4} =2\cdot\frac{1}{(x^2)^2}$Let's note that we still haven't got the exact expression suggested in answer A, but we are already very close,

To reach the exact expression claimed in answer A, we'll recall another important law of exponents, and a useful mathematical fact:

Let's recall the law of exponents for exponents applying to terms in parentheses, but in the opposite direction:

$\frac{a^n}{c^n}=\big(\frac{a}{c}\big)^n$And let's also recall the fact that raising the number 1 to any power will yield the result 1:

$1^{x}=1$And therefore we can write the expression we got in the last stage in the following way:

$2\cdot\frac{1}{(x^2)^2}=2\cdot\frac{1^2}{(x^2)^2}$And then since in the numerator and denominator of the fraction there are terms with the same exponent we can apply the above law of exponents, and represent the fraction whose numerator and denominator are terms with the same exponent as a fraction whose numerator and denominator are the bases of the terms and it is raised to the same exponent:

$2\cdot\frac{1^2}{(x^2)^2}=2\cdot\big(\frac{1}{x^2}\big)^2$ Let's summarize then the solution stages so far, we got that:

$x^3 x^4\cdot\frac{2}{x^3}\cdot x^{-8}=2x^{-4}=2\cdot\frac{1}{(x^2)^2}=2\cdot\big(\frac{1}{x^2}\big)^2$And therefore the correct answer is indeed answer A.

Note:

When it's written "the number in the numerator" despite the fact that there is no fraction in the expression at all, it's because we can always refer to any number as a number in the numerator of a fraction if we remember that any number divided by 1 equals itself, that is, we can always write a number as a fraction by writing it like this:

$X=\frac{X}{1}$And therefore we can actually refer to $X$as a number in the numerator of a fraction.

$2(\frac{1}{x^2})^2$