Solve Vertical Subtraction: 431 minus 210

To solve the given subtraction problem $431 - 210$ using vertical subtraction, we’ll follow these steps:

Step 1: Align the numbers vertically:

$\begin{aligned} &431 \\ -&\\ &210 \\ \end{aligned}$

Step 2: Subtract each column starting from the right (units place) and moving to the left (hundreds place):

• Units place: Subtract $0$ from $1$.
  The result is $1 - 0 = 1$.

• Tens place: Subtract $1$ from $3$.
  The result is $3 - 1 = 2$.

• Hundreds place: Subtract $2$ from $4$.
  The result is $4 - 2 = 2$.

Step 3: Write the answer from each result of subtraction:

$\begin{aligned} &431 \\ -&\\ &210 \\ \underline{\phantom{35}}&\underline{\phantom{3005}} \\ &221 \\ \end{aligned}$

Therefore, the solution to the subtraction problem is $221$.