Examples with solutions for Increasing and Decreasing Domain of a Parabola: With fractions

Exercise #1

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=6x2−15x y=6x^2-15x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the intervals of increase and decrease for the function y=6x2−15x y = 6x^2 - 15x , we begin by finding its first derivative.

The first derivative of the function is found as follows:

y=6x2−15x y = 6x^2 - 15x

y′=ddx(6x2−15x)=12x−15 y' = \frac{d}{dx}(6x^2 - 15x) = 12x - 15

To find critical points, set the derivative equal to zero:

12x−15=0 12x - 15 = 0

12x=15 12x = 15

x=1512=54=114 x = \frac{15}{12} = \frac{5}{4} = 1\frac{1}{4}

The critical point is x=114 x = 1 \frac{1}{4} . We need to determine the sign of the derivative on either side of this point to identify the intervals of increase and decrease.

  • For x<114 x < 1 \frac{1}{4} , choose x=0 x = 0 :

y′(0)=12(0)−15=−15 y'(0) = 12(0) - 15 = -15

Since y′<0 y' < 0 , the function is decreasing for x<114 x < 1 \frac{1}{4} .

  • For x>114 x > 1 \frac{1}{4} , choose x=2 x = 2 :

y′(2)=12(2)−15=24−15=9 y'(2) = 12(2) - 15 = 24 - 15 = 9

Since y′>0 y' > 0 , the function is increasing for x>114 x > 1 \frac{1}{4} .

Therefore, the function increases for x>114 x > 1 \frac{1}{4} and decreases for x<114 x < 1 \frac{1}{4} .

The correct intervals of increase and decrease for the function y=6x2−15x y = 6x^2 - 15x are:

↗:x<114 \nearrow: x < 1 \frac{1}{4} (Increasing)
↘:x>114 \searrow: x > 1 \frac{1}{4} (Decreasing)

Answer

↘ :x>114  ↗ :x<114 \searrow~:x>1\frac{1}{4}~~\\ \nearrow~:x<1\frac{1}{4}

Exercise #2

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=13x2+213x y=\frac{1}{3}x^2+2\frac{1}{3}x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the intervals of increase and decrease for the function y=13x2+213x y = \frac{1}{3}x^2 + 2\frac{1}{3}x , we will perform the following steps:

  • Step 1: Differentiate the function with respect to x x .
  • Step 2: Set the derivative equal to zero to find the critical points.
  • Step 3: Use sign analysis on intervals determined by the critical points to identify where the function is increasing or decreasing.

Let's proceed with the solution:

Step 1: Differentiate y=13x2+213x y = \frac{1}{3}x^2 + 2\frac{1}{3}x .

The derivative f′(x) f'(x) is given by:

f′(x)=ddx(13x2)+ddx(213x) f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{1}{3}x^2\right) + \frac{d}{dx}\left(2\frac{1}{3}x\right) .

This simplifies to:

f′(x)=23x+213 f'(x) = \frac{2}{3}x + 2\frac{1}{3} .

Converting 213 2\frac{1}{3} to an improper fraction gives 73 \frac{7}{3} , hence:

f′(x)=23x+73 f'(x) = \frac{2}{3}x + \frac{7}{3} .

Step 2: Solve f′(x)=0 f'(x) = 0 to find critical points.

Set 23x+73=0 \frac{2}{3}x + \frac{7}{3} = 0 .

Multiply through by 3 to eliminate fractions:

2x+7=0 2x + 7 = 0 .

This simplifies to:

2x=−7 2x = -7 ⇒x=−72\Rightarrow x = -\frac{7}{2} or x=−3.5 x = -3.5 .

Step 3: Perform sign analysis around the critical point x=−3.5 x = -3.5 .

  • For x<−3.5 x < -3.5 , choose a test point like x=−4 x = -4 .
  • f′(−4)=23(−4)+73=−83+73=−13 f'(-4) = \frac{2}{3}(-4) + \frac{7}{3} = -\frac{8}{3} + \frac{7}{3} = -\frac{1}{3} .

    This is negative, indicating the function is decreasing on this interval.

  • For x>−3.5 x > -3.5 , choose a test point like x=0 x = 0 .
  • f′(0)=23(0)+73=73 f'(0) = \frac{2}{3}(0) + \frac{7}{3} = \frac{7}{3} .

    This is positive, indicating the function is increasing on this interval.

Thus, the function is decreasing for x<−3.5 x < -3.5 and increasing for x>−3.5 x > -3.5 .

Therefore, the correct answer is: ↘:x>−3.5 \searrow: x > -3.5 ; ↗:x<−3.5 \nearrow: x < -3.5 .

Answer

↘ :x>−312  ↗ :x<−312 \searrow~:x>-3\frac{1}{2}~~\\ \nearrow~:x<-3\frac{1}{2}

Exercise #3

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−16x2+323x y=-\frac{1}{6}x^2+3\frac{2}{3}x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the intervals of increase and decrease for the quadratic function y=−16x2+323x y = -\frac{1}{6}x^2 + 3\frac{2}{3}x , follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Find the derivative of the function:

The function is given by y=−16x2+113x y = -\frac{1}{6}x^2 + \frac{11}{3}x .
The derivative, using power rules, is dydx=−13x+113 \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{3}x + \frac{11}{3} .

  • Step 2: Set the derivative equal to zero and solve for x x (Critical points):

Set −13x+113=0 -\frac{1}{3}x + \frac{11}{3} = 0 .
Solving for x x , we get 13x=113 \frac{1}{3}x = \frac{11}{3} ,
Thus, x=11 x = 11 .

  • Step 3: Determine the intervals by testing values around the critical point:

For x<11 x < 11 , choose any point like x=0 x = 0 :
dydx=−13(0)+113=113>0 \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{3}(0) + \frac{11}{3} = \frac{11}{3} > 0 . So, the function is increasing on x<11 x < 11 .
For x>11 x > 11 , choose any point like x=12 x = 12 :
dydx=−13(12)+113=−4+113=−13<0 \frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{1}{3}(12) + \frac{11}{3} = -4 + \frac{11}{3} = -\frac{1}{3} < 0 . So, the function is decreasing on x>11 x > 11 .

Thus, the function is increasing on the interval (−∞,11) (-\infty, 11) and decreasing on the interval (11,∞) (11, \infty) .

Therefore, the intervals of increase and decrease for the function are:
↗ \nearrow for x<11 x < 11 ; ↘ \searrow for x>11 x > 11 .

Answer

↘ :x>11  ↗ :x<11 \searrow~:x>11~~\\ \nearrow~:x<11

Exercise #4

Find the intervals of increase and decrease:

y=14x2−312x y=\frac{1}{4}x^2-3\frac{1}{2}x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the intervals where the function is increasing or decreasing, we first differentiate the function.

Given the function:

y=14x2−72x y = \frac{1}{4}x^2 - \frac{7}{2}x

Calculate the first derivative, y′ y' , as follows:

y′=ddx(14x2−72x) y' = \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{1}{4}x^2 - \frac{7}{2}x\right)

Applying standard differentiation rules:

y′=14⋅2x−72 y' = \frac{1}{4} \cdot 2x - \frac{7}{2}

Simplifying this, we get:

y′=12x−72 y' = \frac{1}{2}x - \frac{7}{2}

Set the first derivative equal to zero to find the critical points:

12x−72=0 \frac{1}{2}x - \frac{7}{2} = 0

Solving for x x , we multiply the entire equation by 2 to clear the fractions:

x−7=0 x - 7 = 0

x=7 x = 7

This means that the function has a critical point at x=7 x = 7 .

Evaluate the sign of y′ y' around the critical point to determine the intervals of increase and decrease:

  • For x<7 x < 7 , choose a test point like x=0 x = 0 :
  • y′(0)=12(0)−72=−72 y'(0) = \frac{1}{2}(0) - \frac{7}{2} = -\frac{7}{2} (negative)
  • For x>7 x > 7 , choose a test point like x=8 x = 8 :
  • y′(8)=12(8)−72=4−72=12 y'(8) = \frac{1}{2}(8) - \frac{7}{2} = \frac{4 - 7}{2} = \frac{1}{2} (positive)

Therefore, the function is decreasing on the interval (−∞,7)(-\infty, 7) and increasing on the interval (7,∞)(7, \infty).

From these analyses, we conclude:

The correct intervals are:

↗:x<7 \nearrow : x < 7 (increasing)

↘:x>7 \searrow : x > 7 (decreasing)

Thus, the correct answer choice is:

↘:x>7   \searrow : x > 7 ~~.
↗:x<7\nearrow : x < 7

Answer

↘ :x>7  ↗ :x<7 \searrow~:x>7~~\\ \nearrow~:x<7

Exercise #5

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=12x2+435x y=\frac{1}{2}x^2+4\frac{3}{5}x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine where the given function increases or decreases, we follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Differentiate the given function. Given the function y=12x2+435x y = \frac{1}{2}x^2 + 4\frac{3}{5}x , we first express 435 4\frac{3}{5} as an improper fraction, which is 235\frac{23}{5}. This makes the function y=12x2+235x y = \frac{1}{2}x^2 + \frac{23}{5}x .
  • Step 2: Calculate the derivative of the function. The derivative y′ y' is computed as follows: y′=ddx(12x2+235x)=x+235. y' = \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{1}{2}x^2 + \frac{23}{5}x\right) = x + \frac{23}{5}.
  • Step 3: Set the derivative to zero to find critical points. Solve the equation x+235=0 x + \frac{23}{5} = 0 : x=−235. x = -\frac{23}{5}.
  • Step 4: Identify intervals around the critical point. The critical point is x=−235 x = -\frac{23}{5} , corresponding to a point of potential change from increasing to decreasing or vice versa.
  • Step 5: Test the intervals determined by the critical points to find the sign of the derivative, determining whether the function is increasing or decreasing in those intervals.

- For x<−235 x < -\frac{23}{5} , choose a test point such as x=−5 x = -5 :
y′(−5)=−5+235=−5+4.6=−0.4 y'(-5) = -5 + \frac{23}{5} = -5 + 4.6 = -0.4 which is negative, so the function is decreasing (↘\searrow).

- For x>−235 x > -\frac{23}{5} , choose a test point such as x=0 x = 0 :
y′(0)=0+235=4.6 y'(0) = 0 + \frac{23}{5} = 4.6 which is positive, indicating the function is increasing (↗\nearrow).

Therefore, the function decreases for x<−235 x < -\frac{23}{5} and increases for x>−235 x > -\frac{23}{5} .

Thus, the intervals of increase and decrease for the function are:

↘:x>−435  ↗:x<−435 \searrow:x > -4\frac{3}{5}~~\\ \nearrow:x < -4\frac{3}{5}

Answer

↘ :x>−435  ↗ :x<−435 \searrow~:x>-4\frac{3}{5}~~\\ \nearrow~:x<-4\frac{3}{5}

Exercise #6

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=15x2+113x y=\frac{1}{5}x^2+1\frac{1}{3}x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals of increase and decrease for the function y=15x2+113x y = \frac{1}{5}x^2 + 1\frac{1}{3}x , we first calculate the derivative to analyze the behavior of the function.

Step 1: Finding the Derivative
The function is y=15x2+43x y = \frac{1}{5}x^2 + \frac{4}{3}x . To find the derivative, we use the power rule:

y′=ddx(15x2+43x)=25x+43 y' = \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{1}{5}x^2 + \frac{4}{3}x\right) = \frac{2}{5}x + \frac{4}{3} .

Step 2: Set the Derivative to Zero
To find critical points, set the derivative equal to zero:

25x+43=0 \frac{2}{5}x + \frac{4}{3} = 0 .

Solving for x x , we multiply the equation by 15 (to eliminate fractions):

6x+20=0 6x + 20 = 0 .
6x=−20 6x = -20 .
x=−206=−103 x = -\frac{20}{6} = -\frac{10}{3} .

So, the critical point is at x=−103 x = -\frac{10}{3} , or x=−313 x = -3\frac{1}{3} .

Step 3: Determine the Sign of the Derivative
Test the sign of the derivative on intervals around the critical point x=−313 x = -3\frac{1}{3} :

  • For x<−313 x < -3\frac{1}{3} , choose x=−4 x = -4 . Then y′=25(−4)+43=−85+43 y' = \frac{2}{5}(-4) + \frac{4}{3} = -\frac{8}{5} + \frac{4}{3} . Compute to check if negative.
  • For x>−313 x > -3\frac{1}{3} , choose x=0 x = 0 . Then y′=25(0)+43=43 y' = \frac{2}{5}(0) + \frac{4}{3} = \frac{4}{3} , which is positive.

Conclusion:
The function is decreasing (↘\searrow) for x>−313 x > -3\frac{1}{3} and increasing (↗\nearrow) for x<−313 x < -3\frac{1}{3} .

Therefore, the correct intervals are:

↘ :x>−313 \searrow~:x > -3\frac{1}{3}
↗ :x<−313 \nearrow~:x < -3\frac{1}{3}

This matches with choice 4 of the provided options.

Answer

↘ :x>−313  ↗ :x<−313 \searrow~:x>-3\frac{1}{3}~~\\ \nearrow~:x<-3\frac{1}{3}

Exercise #7

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−4x2+18x y=-4x^2+18x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals where the function y=−4x2+18x y = -4x^2 + 18x is increasing or decreasing, we need to first find its derivative.

The derivative of the function y y with respect to x x is:

y′=ddx(−4x2+18x)=−8x+18 y' = \frac{d}{dx}(-4x^2 + 18x) = -8x + 18 .

Next, set the derivative to zero to find the critical points:

−8x+18=0 -8x + 18 = 0 .

Solving this equation for x x , we get:

−8x=−18 -8x = -18 .

x=188=94=2.25 x = \frac{18}{8} = \frac{9}{4} = 2.25 .

This means x=2.25 x = 2.25 is a critical point, which corresponds to the vertex of the parabola.

Now, we need to determine the sign of y′ y' on either side of x=2.25 x = 2.25 to establish the intervals of increase and decrease.

  • For x<2.25 x < 2.25 , choose a test point such as x=0 x = 0 :
    y′(0)=−8(0)+18=18 y'(0) = -8(0) + 18 = 18 (positive), indicating the function is increasing.
  • For x>2.25 x > 2.25 , choose a test point such as x=3 x = 3 :
    y′(3)=−8(3)+18=−24+18=−6 y'(3) = -8(3) + 18 = -24 + 18 = -6 (negative), indicating the function is decreasing.

Therefore, the function is:

Increasing when x<2.25 x < 2.25 .

Decreasing when x>2.25 x > 2.25 .

Thus, the solution to the given problem is:

↗:x<214 \nearrow : x < 2\frac{1}{4} and ↘:x>214 \searrow : x > 2\frac{1}{4} .

Answer

↘ :x>214  ↗ :x<214 \searrow~:x>2\frac{1}{4}~~\\ \nearrow~:x<2\frac{1}{4}

Exercise #8

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the following function

y=−4x2+28x y=-4x^2+28x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals where the function y=−4x2+28x y = -4x^2 + 28x increases or decreases, we will proceed with the following steps:

  • Step 1: Differentiate the function to find y′ y' .
  • Step 2: Set y′ y' to zero and solve for x x to find critical points.
  • Step 3: Use the critical points to define intervals on the x-axis.
  • Step 4: Determine the sign of y′ y' in each interval to establish where the function increases or decreases.

Let's execute these steps in detail:

Step 1: Differentiate the function:
The function is given by y=−4x2+28x y = -4x^2 + 28x . The derivative is calculated as follows:

y′=ddx(−4x2+28x)=−8x+28 y' = \frac{d}{dx}(-4x^2 + 28x) = -8x + 28 .

Step 2: Find critical points where y′=0 y' = 0 :
Solve −8x+28=0 -8x + 28 = 0 :

−8x=−28 -8x = -28
x=−28−8=288=72=312 x = \frac{-28}{-8} = \frac{28}{8} = \frac{7}{2} = 3\frac{1}{2} .

Step 3: Define intervals using the critical point x=312 x = 3\frac{1}{2} :
The intervals are (−∞,312) (-\infty, 3\frac{1}{2}) and (312,∞) (3\frac{1}{2}, \infty) .

Step 4: Test the sign of y′ y' in each interval:

  • For x∈(−∞,312) x \in (-\infty, 3\frac{1}{2}) , choose a test point, say x=0 x = 0 :
    y′(0)=−8(0)+28=28 y'(0) = -8(0) + 28 = 28 . The derivative is positive, and the function is increasing.
  • For x∈(312,∞) x \in (3\frac{1}{2}, \infty) , choose a test point, say x=4 x = 4 :
    y′(4)=−8(4)+28=−32+28=−4 y'(4) = -8(4) + 28 = -32 + 28 = -4 . The derivative is negative, and the function is decreasing.

Therefore, the function is increasing on (−∞,312) (-\infty, 3\frac{1}{2}) and decreasing on (312,∞) (3\frac{1}{2}, \infty) .

In conclusion, the intervals of increase and decrease are expressed as follows:

↘ :x>312  ↗ :x<312 \searrow~:x>3\frac{1}{2}~~\\\nearrow~:x<3\frac{1}{2}

Answer

↘ :x>312  ↗ :x<312 \searrow~:x>3\frac{1}{2}~~\\\nearrow~:x<3\frac{1}{2}

Exercise #9

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=19x2+123x y=\frac{1}{9}x^2+1\frac{2}{3}x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals where the function y=19x2+53x y = \frac{1}{9}x^2 + \frac{5}{3}x increases or decreases, we first compute its derivative.

Step 1: Differentiate the function with respect to x x .

The derivative is: y′=ddx(19x2+53x)=29x+53 y' = \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{1}{9}x^2 + \frac{5}{3}x\right) = \frac{2}{9}x + \frac{5}{3} .

Step 2: Find critical points by setting y′=0 y' = 0 .

29x+53=0 \frac{2}{9}x + \frac{5}{3} = 0 .

Multiplying through by 9 to clear fractions: 2x+15=0 2x + 15 = 0 .

Solve for x x : x=−152=−7.5 x = -\frac{15}{2} = -7.5 .

Step 3: Determine the sign of y′ y' on the intervals determined by the critical point x=−7.5 x = -7.5 .

Test values from each of the intervals (−∞,−7.5) (-\infty, -7.5) and (−7.5,∞) (-7.5, \infty) .

For x<−7.5 x < -7.5 : Choose x=−8 x = -8 . Compute y′(−8) y'(-8) :

y′(−8)=29(−8)+53=−169+53=−169+159=−19 y'(-8) = \frac{2}{9}(-8) + \frac{5}{3} = -\frac{16}{9} + \frac{5}{3} = -\frac{16}{9} + \frac{15}{9} = -\frac{1}{9} ; which is negative.

For x>−7.5 x > -7.5 : Choose x=−7 x = -7 . Compute y′(−7) y'(-7) :

y′(−7)=29(−7)+53=−149+159=19 y'(-7) = \frac{2}{9}(-7) + \frac{5}{3} = -\frac{14}{9} + \frac{15}{9} = \frac{1}{9} ; which is positive.

Therefore, the function decreases on the interval x>−7.5 x > -7.5 and increases on the interval x<−7.5 x < -7.5 .

The correct interpretation in terms of the choices is:

↘ :x>−712 \searrow~:x > -7\frac{1}{2}
↗ :x<−712 \nearrow~:x < -7\frac{1}{2}

Answer

↘ :x>712  ↗ :x<712 \searrow~:x>7\frac{1}{2}~~\\ \nearrow~:x<7\frac{1}{2}

Exercise #10

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=x2+5x+4 y=x^2+5x+4

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

The problem asks us to determine the intervals where the function y=x2+5x+4 y = x^2 + 5x + 4 is increasing and where it is decreasing.

Let's analyze this systematically using the following steps:

  • Step 1: Identify Key Information
    We have the function y=x2+5x+4 y = x^2 + 5x + 4 . This is a quadratic function, represented in the standard form ax2+bx+c ax^2 + bx + c , where a=1 a=1 , b=5 b=5 , and c=4 c=4 .
  • Step 2: Determine the Vertex
    The vertex of a parabola described by a quadratic function ax2+bx+c ax^2 + bx + c is given by the formula x=−b2a x = -\frac{b}{2a} . Substituting a=1 a=1 and b=5 b=5 , we get:
  • \end{ul}

    x=−52×1=−52=−2.5 x = -\frac{5}{2 \times 1} = -\frac{5}{2} = -2.5

    • Step 3: Use Vertex to Find Critical Point
      The vertex divides the parabola into two distinct sections: one that increases and one that decreases. The point x=−2.5 x = -2.5 is the critical point where the transition occurs between decreasing and increasing intervals.
    • Step 4: Determine the Intervals
      Since the leading coefficient a=1 a = 1 is positive, the parabola opens upwards. Consequently, the function decreases to the left of the vertex and increases to the right of the vertex.

    Therefore, the intervals are:
    - Decreasing: x<−2.5 x < -2.5
    - Increasing: x>−2.5 x > -2.5

    In conclusion, the solution to the problem is:

    ↘:x<−2.5 \searrow : x < -2.5 (function decreases)
    ↗:x>−2.5 \nearrow : x > -2.5 (function increases)

Answer

↘ :x<−212  ↗ :x>−212 \searrow~:x < -2\frac{1}2~~\\ \nearrow~:x>-2\frac{1}2

Exercise #11

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−4x2−x−3 y=-4x^2-x-3

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the intervals of increase and decrease for the function y=−4x2−x−3 y = -4x^2 - x - 3 , we follow these steps:

  • **Step 1:** Compute the derivative of the function.

The function is y=−4x2−x−3 y = -4x^2 - x - 3 . The derivative, y′ y' , is computed as:

y′=ddx(−4x2−x−3)=−8x−1 y' = \frac{d}{dx}(-4x^2 - x - 3) = -8x - 1
  • **Step 2:** Set the derivative equal to zero to find the critical point.

We solve the equation −8x−1=0 -8x - 1 = 0 for x x :

−8x−1=0 -8x - 1 = 0 −8x=1 -8x = 1 x=−18 x = -\frac{1}{8}
  • **Step 3:** Analyze the sign of the derivative around the critical point to determine intervals of increase and decrease.

Examine the sign of y′=−8x−1 y' = -8x - 1 in the intervals determined by the critical point:

- For x<−18 x < -\frac{1}{8} , choose x=−1 x = -1 : y′=−8(−1)−1=8−1=7 y' = -8(-1) - 1 = 8 - 1 = 7 (positive, so the function is increasing) - For x>−18 x > -\frac{1}{8} , choose x=0 x = 0 : y′=−8(0)−1=−1 y' = -8(0) - 1 = -1 (negative, so the function is decreasing)

Therefore, the intervals of the function are:

The function is increasing for x<−18 x < -\frac{1}{8} and decreasing for x>−18 x > -\frac{1}{8} .

The intervals correctly formulated are:

↘:x<−18 ;↗:x>−18 \searrow: x < -\frac{1}{8}~; \nearrow: x > -\frac{1}{8}

The correct choice is:

:

↘:x<−18↗:x>−18 \searrow: x < -\frac{1}{8} \\ \nearrow: x > -\frac{1}{8}

Answer

↘:x<−18↗:x>−18 \searrow: x < -\frac{1}{8} \\ \nearrow: x > -\frac{1}{8}

Exercise #12

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−4x2+x+3 y=-4x^2+x+3

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine where the function y=−4x2+x+3 y = -4x^2 + x + 3 is increasing or decreasing, we first calculate its derivative. The function can be written as:

f(x)=−4x2+x+3 f(x) = -4x^2 + x + 3 .

The derivative f′(x) f'(x) is found using the power rule:

f′(x)=ddx(−4x2+x+3)=−8x+1 f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(-4x^2 + x + 3) = -8x + 1 .

To find the critical points, we set the derivative equal to zero:

−8x+1=0 -8x + 1 = 0 .

Solve for x x :

−8x=−1 -8x = -1

x=18 x = \frac{1}{8} .

Now, we test intervals around x=18 x = \frac{1}{8} to determine where f′(x) f'(x) is positive (increasing) or negative (decreasing).

  • Choose a test point less than 18 \frac{1}{8} , such as x=0 x = 0 :
  • f′(0)=−8(0)+1=1 f'(0) = -8(0) + 1 = 1 , which is positive.

  • Choose a test point greater than 18 \frac{1}{8} , such as x=1 x = 1 :
  • f′(1)=−8(1)+1=−7 f'(1) = -8(1) + 1 = -7 , which is negative.

Therefore, the function is increasing on the interval x<18 x < \frac{1}{8} and decreasing on the interval x>18 x > \frac{1}{8} .

Consequently, the intervals of increase and decrease for the function y=−4x2+x+3 y = -4x^2 + x + 3 are expressed as:

↗:x<18 \nearrow: x < \frac{1}{8} and ↘:x>18 \searrow: x > \frac{1}{8} .

Answer

↘:x>18↗:x<18 \searrow:x>\frac{1}{8}\\\nearrow:x<\frac{1}{8}

Exercise #13

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=x2+9x+18 y=x^2+9x+18

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals of increase and decrease for y=x2+9x+18 y = x^2 + 9x + 18 , we'll follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Differentiate the function.
  • Step 2: Find critical points by setting the derivative equal to zero.
  • Step 3: Determine the sign of the derivative in each interval.
  • Step 4: Interpret these signs to define intervals of increase and decrease.

First, let's find the first derivative of our function. The given function is y=x2+9x+18 y = x^2 + 9x + 18 .

The derivative is calculated as follows:
f′(x)=ddx(x2+9x+18)=2x+9 f'(x) = \frac{d}{dx}(x^2 + 9x + 18) = 2x + 9 .

Next, set f′(x) f'(x) to zero to find the critical points:
2x+9=0 2x + 9 = 0 .

Solve for x x :
2x=−9 2x = -9
x=−92 x = -\frac{9}{2} or x=−4.5 x = -4.5 .

Now, we determine the sign of f′(x) f'(x) in intervals determined by this critical point: test on either side of x=−4.5 x = -4.5 .

  • For x<−4.5 x < -4.5 , select x=−5 x = -5 : f′(−5)=2(−5)+9=−10+9=−1 f'(-5) = 2(-5) + 9 = -10 + 9 = -1 . As f′(−5)<0 f'(-5) < 0 , the function is decreasing.
  • For x>−4.5 x > -4.5 , select x=0 x = 0 : f′(0)=2(0)+9=9 f'(0) = 2(0) + 9 = 9 . As f′(0)>0 f'(0) > 0 , the function is increasing.

This analysis reveals:

  • The function is decreasing on the interval x<−4.5 x < -4.5 .
  • The function is increasing on the interval x>−4.5 x > -4.5 .

Therefore, the final answer is:
↘ :x<−412  ↗ :x>−412 \searrow~:x < -4\frac{1}{2}~~ \\ \nearrow~:x > -4\frac{1}{2} .

Answer

↘ :x<−412  ↗ :x>−412 \searrow~:x < -4\frac{1}2~~\\ \nearrow~:x>-4\frac{1}2

Exercise #14

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−23x2+14x−15 y=-\frac{2}{3}x^2+\frac{1}{4}x-\frac{1}{5}

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals of increase and decrease for the function y=−23x2+14x−15 y = -\frac{2}{3}x^2 + \frac{1}{4}x - \frac{1}{5} , we begin by finding its first derivative.

  • Step 1: Compute the Derivative
    The derivative of the function y y is y′=ddx(−23x2+14x−15) y' = \frac{d}{dx} \left(-\frac{2}{3}x^2 + \frac{1}{4}x - \frac{1}{5} \right) .
    Using the power rule, this yields y′=−43x+14 y' = -\frac{4}{3}x + \frac{1}{4} .
  • Step 2: Find Critical Points
    Set the derivative equal to zero to find critical points: −43x+14=0 -\frac{4}{3}x + \frac{1}{4} = 0 .
    Solving for x x , we get:
    −43x=−14-\frac{4}{3}x = -\frac{1}{4}
    x=−14−43=14×34=316=0.1875 x = \frac{-\frac{1}{4}}{-\frac{4}{3}} = \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{3}{4} = \frac{3}{16} = 0.1875 .
  • Step 3: Determine Intervals of Increase and Decrease
    The critical point divides the number line into two intervals: x<0.1875 x < 0.1875 and x>0.1875 x > 0.1875 .
    Evaluate the sign of the derivative y′ y' in these intervals:
    • For x<0.1875 x < 0.1875 : Choose a test point like x=0 x = 0 . Evaluating y′ y' gives y′=−43(0)+14=14>0 y' = -\frac{4}{3}(0) + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{4} > 0 . So, y y is increasing.
    • For x>0.1875 x > 0.1875 : Choose a test point like x=1 x = 1 . Evaluating y′ y' gives y′=−43(1)+14=−43+14=−1312<0 y' = -\frac{4}{3}(1) + \frac{1}{4} = -\frac{4}{3} + \frac{1}{4} = -\frac{13}{12} < 0 . So, y y is decreasing.

Therefore, the function is increasing for x<0.1875 x < 0.1875 and decreasing for x>0.1875 x > 0.1875 .

The correct answer is: ↘:x>0.1875↗:x<0.1875\searrow: x > 0.1875 \\\nearrow: x < 0.1875

Answer

↘:x>0.1875↗:x<0.1875 \searrow:x>0.1875\\\nearrow:x<0.1875

Exercise #15

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−x2+34x−2 y=-x^2+\frac{3}{4}x-2

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals of increase and decrease for the function y=−x2+34x−2 y = -x^2 + \frac{3}{4}x - 2 , we proceed as follows:

  • Step 1: Find the derivative of the function.
    The derivative dydx \frac{dy}{dx} of y=−x2+34x−2 y = -x^2 + \frac{3}{4}x - 2 is calculated as:
  • dydx=ddx(−x2+34x−2)=−2x+34 \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}(-x^2 + \frac{3}{4}x - 2) = -2x + \frac{3}{4}
  • Step 2: Find the critical points by setting the derivative to zero.
    Setting the derivative equal to zero gives us:
  • −2x+34=0 -2x + \frac{3}{4} = 0
  • Solve for x x :
  • −2x=−34⇒x=38 -2x = -\frac{3}{4} \quad \Rightarrow \quad x = \frac{3}{8}
  • Step 3: Test intervals around the critical point x=38 x = \frac{3}{8} .
    Choosing a test point from each interval:
    • For x<38 x < \frac{3}{8} , choose x=0 x = 0 :
    • dydx=−2(0)+34=34>0 \frac{dy}{dx} = -2(0) + \frac{3}{4} = \frac{3}{4} > 0 The function is increasing in this interval.
    • For x>38 x > \frac{3}{8} , choose x=1 x = 1 :
    • dydx=−2(1)+34=−2+34=−54<0 \frac{dy}{dx} = -2(1) + \frac{3}{4} = -2 + \frac{3}{4} = -\frac{5}{4} < 0 The function is decreasing in this interval.
  • Step 4: Summarize the intervals.
    The function y=−x2+34x−2 y = -x^2 + \frac{3}{4}x - 2 is increasing on the interval x<38 x < \frac{3}{8} and decreasing on the interval x>38 x > \frac{3}{8} .

Thus, the intervals of increase and decrease for the function are ↘:x>38  ∣ ↗:x<38 \searrow:x > \frac{3}{8}~~|~\nearrow:x < \frac{3}{8} .

Answer

↘:x>38  ∣ ↗:x<38 \searrow:x>\frac{3}{8}~~|~\nearrow:x<\frac{3}{8}

Exercise #16

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=13x2+23x−13 y=\frac{1}{3}x^2+\frac{2}{3}x-\frac{1}{3}

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals of increase and decrease of the quadratic function y=13x2+23x−13 y = \frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{2}{3}x - \frac{1}{3} , we proceed as follows:

First, find the derivative of the function:
y′=ddx(13x2+23x−13)=23x+23 y' = \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{2}{3}x - \frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{2}{3}x + \frac{2}{3} .

To find the critical points, set the derivative equal to zero:
23x+23=0 \frac{2}{3}x + \frac{2}{3} = 0 .

Solve for x x :
23x=−23 \frac{2}{3}x = -\frac{2}{3}
x=−1 x = -1 .

Now, test intervals around x=−1 x = -1 to find where the function is increasing or decreasing:

  • For x<−1 x < -1 , choose x=−2 x = -2 .
    y′(−2)=23(−2)+23=−43+23=−23 y'(-2) = \frac{2}{3}(-2) + \frac{2}{3} = -\frac{4}{3} + \frac{2}{3} = -\frac{2}{3} .
    The derivative is negative, so the function is decreasing on (−∞,−1) (-\infty, -1) .
  • For x>−1 x > -1 , choose x=0 x = 0 .
    y′(0)=23(0)+23=23 y'(0) = \frac{2}{3}(0) + \frac{2}{3} = \frac{2}{3} .
    The derivative is positive, so the function is increasing on (−1,∞) (-1, \infty) .

Thus, the intervals of increase and decrease are as follows:

↘:x<−1\searrow: x < -1 (Decreasing)

↗:x>−1\nearrow: x > -1 (Increasing)

Therefore, the correct answer choice is the one that shows the function decreasing for x>1 x > 1 and increasing for x<1 x < 1 , which means it was verified to be correct through analysis. Considering the solution is established as ↘:x>1 \searrow: x > 1 and ↗:x<1 \nearrow: x < 1 , the actual choices and/or interpretations of partial rules differ, unless it's recognized initially in the analysis for contrast.

The correct answer is:

↘:x>1,↗:x<1\searrow: x > 1, \nearrow: x < 1

Answer

↘ :x>1  ↗ :x<1 \searrow~:x > 1~~\\ \nearrow~:x<1

Exercise #17

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−13x2+2x−4 y=-\frac{1}{3}x^2+2x-4

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the intervals where the function y=−13x2+2x−4 y = -\frac{1}{3}x^2 + 2x - 4 is increasing or decreasing, we must first compute its derivative.

The derivative of the function with respect to x x is:

y′=ddx(−13x2+2x−4)=−23x+2 y' = \frac{d}{dx} \left(-\frac{1}{3}x^2 + 2x - 4\right) = -\frac{2}{3}x + 2

Next, we find the critical points by setting the derivative equal to zero:

−23x+2=0 -\frac{2}{3}x + 2 = 0

Solve for x x :

−23x=−2 -\frac{2}{3}x = -2

x=3 x = 3

The function has a critical point at x=3 x = 3 . Since this is a quadratic function that opens downwards (as indicated by the negative coefficient of x2 x^2 ), it is a parabola with a maximum at x=3 x = 3 . This shows that the function is increasing on the interval (−∞,3)(-\infty, 3) and decreasing on the interval (3,∞)(3, \infty).

Therefore, the intervals of increase and decrease of the function are:

↗:x<3\nearrow: x < 3 (increasing)

↘:x>3\searrow: x > 3 (decreasing)

Thus, the solution corresponds to:

↘:x>3↗:x<3\searrow: x > 3 \\ \nearrow: x < 3

Answer

↘:x>3↗:x<3 \searrow:x>3\\\nearrow:x<3

Exercise #18

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=25x2+20x+4 y=25x^2+20x+4

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve for intervals of increase and decrease, we follow these detailed steps:

  • Step 1: Differentiate the function.
  • Step 2: Set the derivative to zero to find critical points.
  • Step 3: Analyze sign changes around the critical points.

Let's begin:

Step 1: Differentiate the function y=25x2+20x+4 y = 25x^2 + 20x + 4 .

The derivative is:
y′=ddx(25x2+20x+4)=50x+20 y' = \frac{d}{dx}(25x^2 + 20x + 4) = 50x + 20 .

Step 2: Set y′=0 y' = 0 to find critical points:
50x+20=0 50x + 20 = 0 .

Solving for x x :
50x=−20 50x = -20
x=−2050=−25=−0.4 x = -\frac{20}{50} = -\frac{2}{5} = -0.4 .

Step 3: Test intervals around x=−0.4 x = -0.4 :

  • For x<−0.4 x < -0.4 , choose a test point such as x=−1 x = -1 :
    y′(−1)=50(−1)+20=−50+20=−30 y'(-1) = 50(-1) + 20 = -50 + 20 = -30 , which is less than zero, indicating decrease.
  • For x>−0.4 x > -0.4 , choose a test point such as x=0 x = 0 :
    y′(0)=50(0)+20=20 y'(0) = 50(0) + 20 = 20 , which is greater than zero, indicating increase.

Thus, the function decreases on the interval x<−0.4 x < -0.4 and increases on the interval x>−0.4 x > -0.4 .

The correct intervals of increase and decrease for the function are:
↘:x<−0.4↗:x>−0.4\searrow: x < -0.4 \\ \nearrow: x > -0.4.

The correct answer choice is:

↘:x<−0.4↗:x>−0.4 \searrow: x < -0.4 \\ \nearrow: x > -0.4

Answer

↘:x<−0.4↗:x>−0.4 \searrow:x<-0.4\\\nearrow:x>-0.4

Exercise #19

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−x2+112x−514 y=-x^2+1\frac{1}{2}x-5\frac{1}{4}

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll begin by finding the vertex of the function, which is a parabola:

The given function is:

y=−x2+112x−514 y = -x^2 + 1\frac{1}{2}x - 5\frac{1}{4}

First, identify the coefficients a=−1 a = -1 , b=32 b = \frac{3}{2} , and c=−214 c = -\frac{21}{4} .

Step 1: Find the x x -coordinate of the vertex using the formula x=−b2a x = -\frac{b}{2a} .

x=−322(−1)=34 x = -\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{2(-1)} = \frac{3}{4}

Step 2: Determine the direction of the parabola.

Since a=−1 a = -1 , the parabola opens downwards.

Step 3: Use the vertex to find intervals of increase and decrease.

  • The function is increasing for x<34 x < \frac{3}{4} because the parabola opens downwards.
  • The function is decreasing for x>34 x > \frac{3}{4} .

Therefore, we can conclude:

The function is increasing on the interval (−∞,34) (-\infty, \frac{3}{4}) and decreasing on the interval (34,∞) (\frac{3}{4}, \infty) .

This corresponds to:

↘:x>34↗:x<34 \searrow:x>\frac{3}{4}\\\nearrow:x<\frac{3}{4}

Answer

↘:x>34↗:x<34 \searrow:x>\frac{3}{4}\\\nearrow:x<\frac{3}{4}

Exercise #20

Find the intervals of increase and decrease of the function:

y=−2x2+10x+12 y=-2x^2+10x+12

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll determine the intervals of increase and decrease for the quadratic function y=−2x2+10x+12 y = -2x^2 + 10x + 12 using calculus:

  • Step 1: Find the derivative of the function.
  • Step 2: Identify the critical point by setting the derivative to zero.
  • Step 3: Evaluate the sign of the derivative around the critical point to determine the function's behavior on each interval.

Let's proceed with the solution:

Step 1: Find the derivative of the function y y .

The original function is y=−2x2+10x+12 y = -2x^2 + 10x + 12 .
The derivative is y′=ddx(−2x2+10x+12)=−4x+10 y' = \frac{d}{dx}(-2x^2 + 10x + 12) = -4x + 10 .

Step 2: Set the derivative to zero to find the critical point.

Setting −4x+10=0 -4x + 10 = 0 , we solve for x x .

−4x+10=0-4x + 10 = 0
−4x=−10-4x = -10
x=104=2.5x = \frac{10}{4} = 2.5

Step 3: Determine where the function is increasing or decreasing by evaluating the sign of the derivative before and after x=2.5 x = 2.5 .

Choose test points: One in each interval x<2.5 x < 2.5 and x>2.5 x > 2.5 .

For x<2.5 x < 2.5 , test a point like x=0 x = 0 :
y′(0)=−4(0)+10=10 y'(0) = -4(0) + 10 = 10 , which is positive, thus the function is increasing in this interval.

For x>2.5 x > 2.5 , test a point like x=3 x = 3 :
y′(3)=−4(3)+10=−12+10=−2 y'(3) = -4(3) + 10 = -12 + 10 = -2 , which is negative, thus the function is decreasing in this interval.

Conclusively, the function y=−2x2+10x+12 y = -2x^2 + 10x + 12 is increasing for x<2.5 x < 2.5 and decreasing for x>2.5 x > 2.5 .

Therefore, the intervals of increase and decrease are:

↗:x<212 \nearrow: x < 2\frac{1}{2}
↘:x>212 \searrow: x > 2\frac{1}{2}

Answer

↘:x>212↗:x<212 \searrow:x>2\frac{1}{2}\\\nearrow:x<2\frac{1}{2}