Solve Quadratic Inequality: When is x²+9x+18 Less Than Zero?

Quadratic Inequalities with Sign Analysis

Look at the following function:

y=x2+9x+18 y=x^2+9x+18

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f\left(x\right) < 0

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Step-by-step written solution

Follow each step carefully to understand the complete solution
1

Understand the problem

Look at the following function:

y=x2+9x+18 y=x^2+9x+18

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f\left(x\right) < 0

2

Step-by-step solution

To find for which values of x x the function f(x)=x2+9x+18 f(x) = x^2 + 9x + 18 is less than 0, we first find the roots of the quadratic equation:

Step 1: Calculate the discriminant b24ac b^2 - 4ac from the quadratic formula:
For f(x)=x2+9x+18 f(x) = x^2 + 9x + 18 , we have a=1 a = 1 , b=9 b = 9 , and c=18 c = 18 .
The discriminant is 924×1×18=8172=9 9^2 - 4 \times 1 \times 18 = 81 - 72 = 9 .

Step 2: Find the roots using the quadratic formula:
x=b±b24ac2a=9±92×1=9±32 x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} = \frac{-9 \pm \sqrt{9}}{2 \times 1} = \frac{-9 \pm 3}{2}

Thus, the roots are:
x1=9+32=3 x_1 = \frac{-9 + 3}{2} = -3
x2=932=6 x_2 = \frac{-9 - 3}{2} = -6

Step 3: Analyze the sign of f(x) f(x) around these roots:

The parabola opens upwards (since the coefficient of x2 x^2 is positive), so it will be below the x-axis between the roots. This means f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 for 6<x<3 -6 < x < -3 .

Therefore, the solution is:

6<x<3 -6 < x < -3 .

3

Final Answer

6<x<3 -6 < x < -3

Key Points to Remember

Essential concepts to master this topic
  • Rule: Find roots first, then analyze sign between roots
  • Technique: Use quadratic formula: x = (-9 ± 3)/2 gives roots -6, -3
  • Check: Test x = -4: (-4)² + 9(-4) + 18 = -2 < 0 ✓

Common Mistakes

Avoid these frequent errors
  • Solving the inequality like an equation
    Don't just find where x² + 9x + 18 = 0 and call it done = missing the inequality part! This only gives you boundary points, not the solution interval. Always analyze which regions make the expression positive or negative.

Practice Quiz

Test your knowledge with interactive questions

The graph of the function below does not intersect the \( x \)-axis.

The parabola's vertex is marked A.

Find all values of \( x \) where
\( f\left(x\right) > 0 \).

AAAX

FAQ

Everything you need to know about this question

Why do I need to find the roots if the problem asks for an inequality?

+

The roots are where the parabola crosses the x-axis - they're the boundary points of your solution! Between these points is where the function changes from positive to negative.

How do I know the parabola is below the x-axis between -6 and -3?

+

Since the coefficient of x2 x^2 is positive (1), the parabola opens upward. This means it's negative (below x-axis) between the roots and positive outside them.

What if I test a point and get the wrong sign?

+

Pick a point clearly inside your interval! For 6<x<3 -6 < x < -3 , try x = -4 or x = -5. Avoid the endpoints -6 and -3 since they make the expression equal zero.

Do I include the endpoints -6 and -3 in my answer?

+

No! The inequality is f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 (strictly less than), so we use open intervals. At x = -6 and x = -3, the function equals zero, not less than zero.

What would change if the inequality was ≤ instead of +

Then you'd include the endpoints! Your answer would be 6x3 -6 ≤ x ≤ -3 using brackets instead of parentheses to show the boundary points are included.

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