An absolute value is the distance from the zero point, that is, it does not refer to the sum of the number (whether negative or positive), but it focuses on how far it is from the point 0.
We solve inequalities as if they were an equation, except instead of an equal sign that is in the equation, there is a greater than sign >, or a less than sign <. But there is another rule: When both sections aremultipliedor divided by a negative number, the inequality sign is reversed.
Absolute Value Inequality
When we are given an absolute value inequality, we do not know if the expression as an absolute value is positive or negative and therefore we will have to divide it into two cases. The first case: The expression that is inside the absolute value is equal to 0. and the second case: The expression inside the absolute value is less than 0.
Let's start with the question, What is absolute value?
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An absolute value is the distance from the zero point. What does that mean? You can take any number in an absolute value and ask yourself: how far is it from 0? And that would be the correct answer. Another important thing you should know, an absolute value is symbolized as follows: ││ When you want to ask what the absolute value of a specific number is, place it inside the marking of these two bars.
Let's demonstrate.
Absolute value of a positive number
If we want to know the absolute value of the number5 for example, we will write: │5│=? We ask ourselves, how far is 5 from 0? And the answer is, of course, 5. In fact, when there is a positive number in an absolute value, the absolute value does not affect it and it will remain the same number just without an absolute value. Therefore, an absolute value of 5 is 5. │5│=5 Moreover, also fractions, non-integer numbers in absolute value, will remain exactly the same number. Any positive number, unaffected by the absolute value. We demonstrate: │2/3│=2/3
Do you know what the answer is?
Question 1
Given:
\( \left|x+2\right|<3 \)
Which of the following statements is necessarily true?
What happens when there is a negative number as an absolute value? When there is a negative number inside the absolute value, the same question remains: What is its distance from point 0? The distance must be positive, there is no such thing as a negative distance. So, when there is a negative number in an absolute value, it will be equal to the same number but without the minus sign. Let's demonstrate.
│−5│=5 In the same way: │−2/3│=2/3
In fact, we can say that the absolute value of a negative number is equal to the same positive number, both in absolute value and without it. That is: │−5│=│5│=5 The distance from 5 to 0 and from −5 to 0 is the same: 5. Therefore we can write: │−X│=│X│=X
Absolute Value in Equations
Now, we place the absolute value in an equation. Example: │X│=4 When we remember that an absolute value is equal to a distance from the zero point, we can ask ourselves, which X is exactly four steps away from 0? There are 2 answers. 4 is four steps away from 0 and also −4 is four steps away from 0. Therefore: X=4,−4 Now, let's move on to the next step of absolute value and use it in a slightly more complicated equation. Don't be scared, it's not much more complicated. │X+3│=7 How do you approach such an equation? Easily. Simply replace the entire expression inside the absolute value with the word something. −7= │something│ We ask ourselves, what something in absolute value can be equal to 7? Of course! 7 or −7.
Now, we will replace instead of "something" what appears inside the absolute value, in the two equations we obtained. That is: In one case: X+3=−7 And in the second case: X+3=7
Magnificent! These are already equations that we can easily solve. In one case: X=−10 And in the second case: X=4 Therefore, the solution to the exercise are the two X obtained. X=−10,4 Now, we move on to the second topic we want to present.
In the inequality, we obtain a result that is basically a domain of values. For example, X is greater than some number or X is less than some number. How do we solve inequalities? We solve inequalities exactly like an equation only that instead of an equal sign that is in the equation, there is a greater than sign >, or less than sign < An important rule to keep in mind is the inequality: when you double or divide both sections by a negative number, the sign of the inequality is reversed. For example: 3X−5<X−11 In the solution, as in the equation, we will transfer all the X to one section and all the free numbers to the other segment. We obtain: 2X<−6 Divide by2 both sections as in the equation and we obtain: X<−3
An example where the inequality is reversed: 3X+4<6X−11 We will move the sections: −3X<−15 Now we will divide both sections by:−3. Since we divide by a negative number, we reverse the inequality.
That is: X>5
Now, as promised, we will combine the two topics we have studied.
Absolute Value Inequality
Geometric solution: The geometric meaning of an absolute value is divided into two cases: │X│ will be the distance between X and a. │X−a│ will be the distance between X and a.
For example, we will solve the following inequality: │X−2│<6 What does this inequality mean?
Basically, we are looking for all the X that exist where the distance between X and 2 is less than 6.
In the first step: We will draw the number line and mark the point 2, from which we are interested in the distance to X. We will mark it in blue.
In the second step: We will find the points whose distance to 2 is exactly 6. That is 8 and −4. We will mark them in green.
In the third stage: We ask ourselves, what are we looking for? In this example, we are looking for all the points whose distance to 2 is less than 6. That is, all the X that are between −4 and 8.
And we have arrived at the answer. The solution is −4<X<8
An example of inequality with the sign greater than: │X−2│>6 What does this inequality mean? Basically, we are looking for all the X that exist, where the distance between X and 2 is greater than 6. The first and second stages are exactly the same as in the previous inequality. We draw a number line. Y and we will mark the relevant points. In the third stage: We will ask ourselves, what are we looking for? In this example, we are looking for all the points whose distance to 2 is greater than 6. That is, all the X that are greater than 8 or the X that are less than −4. We will present the solution in this way:
Algebraic solution: When we are given an inequality with absolute value, we do not know if the expression as an absolute value is positive or negative, and therefore we will have to divide it into two cases. The first case: the expression inside the absolute value is greater than 0. And the second case: the expression inside the absolute value is less than 0.
Let's see this with an example:
After having found for each section its own field, the solution to the inequality will be: 4≤X<10 or −2<X<4
That is, all the X that are in the field of the first section or in the field of the second section.
We will draw a number line to find theseX and accept that the solution is: −2<X<10
Regardless of the method you choose to solve the inequality with the absolute value presented to you, you will get the same result. As you have seen, the geometric form is much shorter than the algebraic form and leaves less room for error. We recommend that you use the geometric form if it is a relatively simple inequality and there is no unequivocal requirement to solve the inequality algebraically. Of course, now all you have to do is practice both methods so that the inequality with absolute value cannot surprise you. Prepare for any scenario and practice all the steps over and over again to find the correct fields. Good luck!
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Examples and exercises with solutions of absolute value and inequality with absolute value
Exercise #1
Solve the following inequality:
5x+8<9
Video Solution
Step-by-Step Solution
This is an inequality problem. The inequality is actually an exercise we solve in a completely normal way, except in the case that we multiply or divide by negative.
Let's start by moving the sections:
5X+8<9
5X<9-8
5X<1
We divide by 5:
X<1/5
And this is the solution!
Answer
x<\frac{1}{5}
Exercise #2
Solve the inequality:
5-3x>-10
Video Solution
Step-by-Step Solution
Inequality equations will be solved like a regular equation, except for one rule:
If we multiply the entire equation by a negative, we will reverse the inequality sign.
We start by moving the sections, so that one side has the variables and the other does not:
-3x>-10-5
-3x>-15
Divide by 3
-x>-5
Divide by negative 1 (to get rid of the negative) and remember to reverse the sign of the equation.
x<5
Answer
5 > x
Exercise #3
Which diagram represents the solution to the inequality below? 5-8x<7x+3
Video Solution
Step-by-Step Solution
First, we will move the elements:
5-8x>7x+3
5-3>7x+8x 2>13x
We divide the answer by 13, and we get:
x > \frac{2}{13}
Answer
Exercise #4
What is the solution to the following inequality?
10x−4≤−3x−8
Video Solution
Step-by-Step Solution
In the exercise, we have an inequality equation.
We treat the inequality as an equation with the sign -=,
And we only refer to it if we need to multiply or divide by 0.
10x−4≤−3x−8
We start by organizing the sections:
10x+3x−4≤−8
13x−4≤−8
13x≤−4
Divide by 13 to isolate the X
x≤−134
Let's look again at the options we were asked about:
Answer A is with different data and therefore was rejected.
Answer C shows a case where X is greater than−134, although we know it is small, so it is rejected.
Answer D shows a case (according to the white circle) where X is not equal to−134, and only smaller than it. We know it must be large and equal, so this answer is rejected.
Therefore, answer B is the correct one!
Answer
Exercise #5
Solve the inequality:
8x+a < 3x-4
Video Solution
Step-by-Step Solution
Solving an inequality equation is just like a normal equation. We start by trying to isolate the variable (X).
It is important to note that in this equation there are two variables (X and a), so we may not reach a final result.