Vertex form of the quadratic equation

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Vertex form of the quadratic equation

The vertex form allows us to identify, very easily, the vertex of the parabola and hence its name.

The vertex form of the quadratic function is:
Y=a(Xp)2+cY=a(X-p)^2+c

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Test yourself on vertex representation!

Find the standard representation of the following function:

\( f(x)=(x-3)^2+x \)

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Where the values of the vertex of the parabola are (p,c)( p,c)
PP - represents the value of the XX of the vertex.
CC - represents the value of the YY of the vertex.
For example in the function:
Y=2(X3)2+5Y=2(X-3)^2+5

The vertex of the parabola is:
(3,5)(3,5)

Observe
In the formula for the vertex form there is a minus sign before PP. This is how the template is constructed, it does not mean that PP is negative.
If we obtain a negative XX vertex we will place it with a minus sign in the vertex form template and the minus will turn into plus.


Examples and exercises with solutions of the vertex form of the quadratic function

Exercise #1

Find the standard representation of the following function:

f(x)=(x3)2+x f(x)=(x-3)^2+x

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll perform these steps:

  • Expand (x3)2(x-3)^2 using the formula for a square:
    (x3)2=x22×x×3+32=x26x+9(x-3)^2 = x^2 - 2 \times x \times 3 + 3^2 = x^2 - 6x + 9
  • Add the x x from f(x)=(x3)2+x f(x) = (x-3)^2 + x to the expanded terms:
    x26x+9+x x^2 - 6x + 9 + x
  • Combine like terms:
    x26x+x+9=x25x+9 x^2 - 6x + x + 9 = x^2 - 5x + 9

Therefore, the standard form of the function f(x) f(x) is f(x)=x25x+9 f(x) = x^2 - 5x + 9 .

Thus, the correct choice is Choice 3.

Answer

f(x)=x25x+9 f(x)=x^2-5x+9

Exercise #2

Find the standard representation of the following function

f(x)=(x+1)2+3 f(x)=(-x+1)^2+3

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To convert the function f(x)=(x+1)2+3 f(x) = (-x + 1)^2 + 3 to its standard form, follow these steps:

Step 1: Expand the binomial (x+1)2(-x + 1)^2.
(x+1)2=(x)2+2(x)(1)+12 (-x + 1)^2 = (-x)^2 + 2(-x)(1) + 1^2

This simplifies to:
(x)2=x2 (-x)^2 = x^2
2(x)(1)=2x 2(-x)(1) = -2x
12=1 1^2 = 1

Combining these terms gives:
(x+1)2=x22x+1 (-x + 1)^2 = x^2 - 2x + 1

Step 2: Add the constant term +3+3 to the expanded form:
f(x)=(x22x+1)+3 f(x) = (x^2 - 2x + 1) + 3

Step 3: Simplify the expression:
f(x)=x22x+1+3=x22x+4 f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 1 + 3 = x^2 - 2x + 4

Thus, the standard representation of the function is f(x)=x22x+4 f(x) = x^2 - 2x + 4 .

Answer

f(x)=x22x+4 f(x)=x^2-2x+4

Exercise #3

Find the standard representation of the following function

f(x)=(x5)210 f(x)=(x-5)^2-10

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To convert the quadratic function from vertex form to standard form, execute the following steps:

  • Step 1: Begin with the given vertex form f(x)=(x5)210 f(x) = (x-5)^2 - 10 .
  • Step 2: Expand (x5)2 (x-5)^2 using the formula (ab)2=a22ab+b2 (a-b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2 , which results in:

(x5)2=x22x5+52=x210x+25(x-5)^2 = x^2 - 2 \cdot x \cdot 5 + 5^2 = x^2 - 10x + 25.

  • Step 3: Replace the expanded form into the original function:

f(x)=x210x+2510f(x) = x^2 - 10x + 25 - 10.

  • Step 4: Combine like terms:

f(x)=x210x+15f(x) = x^2 - 10x + 15.

Therefore, the standard form of the function is f(x)=x210x+15 f(x) = x^2 - 10x + 15 .

Comparing with the given choices, the correct option is:

Choice 2: f(x)=x210x+15 f(x) = x^2 - 10x + 15

Answer

f(x)=x210x+15 f(x)=x^2-10x+15

Exercise #4

Find the standard representation of the following function

f(x)=(x+5)2+3 f(x)=(x+5)^2+3

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To convert the given quadratic function into its standard form, follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Expand the Binomial
    We begin with the function in vertex form: f(x)=(x+5)2+3 f(x) = (x + 5)^2 + 3 . The expression (x+5)2(x + 5)^2 can be expanded using the binomial theorem: (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2(a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2.

  • Step 2: Apply the Expansion Formula
    Let a=x a = x and b=5 b = 5 . Therefore, (x+5)2=x2+2×x×5+52=x2+10x+25(x + 5)^2 = x^2 + 2 \times x \times 5 + 5^2 = x^2 + 10x + 25.

  • Step 3: Add the Constant
    Now, add the constant 3 to this expanded result: x2+10x+25+3=x2+10x+28 x^2 + 10x + 25 + 3 = x^2 + 10x + 28 .

Thus, the standard representation of the function is f(x)=x2+10x+28 f(x) = x^2 + 10x + 28 .

Given the choices, the correct answer is f(x)=x2+10x+28 f(x) = x^2 + 10x + 28 , which matches choice 2.

Answer

f(x)=x2+10x+28 f(x)=x^2+10x+28

Exercise #5

Find the standard representation of the following function

f(x)=(x+4)216 f(x)=(x+4)^2-16

Video Solution

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Expand (x+4)2(x + 4)^2 using the formula (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2(a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2.
  • Step 2: Simplify the expression by subtracting 16 from the expanded result.
  • Step 3: Write the simplified expression in the standard form.

Now, let's work through each step:
Step 1: Start with the expression given in the problem:
(x+4)2=x2+2x4+42 (x + 4)^2 = x^2 + 2 \cdot x \cdot 4 + 4^2 .

This results in:
x2+8x+16 x^2 + 8x + 16 .

Step 2: Subtract 16 from the expanded expression:
x2+8x+1616=x2+8x x^2 + 8x + 16 - 16 = x^2 + 8x .

Step 3: The standard form of the expression is now:
f(x)=x2+8x f(x) = x^2 + 8x .

Therefore, the standard representation of the function is f(x)=x2+8x f(x) = x^2 + 8x .

Answer

f(x)=x2+8x f(x)=x^2+8x

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