Examples with solutions for Positive and Negative Domains: With fractions

Exercise #1

Look at the following function:

y=17x2237x y=-\frac{1}{7}x^2-2\frac{3}{7}x

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

First, we need to find the roots of the quadratic equation:

The quadratic is given by:
y=17x2177x y = -\frac{1}{7}x^2 - \frac{17}{7}x

Setting y=0 y = 0 to find the x x -intercepts (roots):
17x2177x=0-\frac{1}{7}x^2 - \frac{17}{7}x = 0

Factor out the common factor, 17x-\frac{1}{7}x:
17x(x+17)=0-\frac{1}{7}x(x + 17) = 0

This gives the roots:
x=0 x = 0 and x+17=0x=17 x + 17 = 0 \rightarrow x = -17

These roots divide the number line into intervals. We need to determine where y>0 y > 0 . Because the coefficient of x2 x^2 is negative, the parabola opens downward. The function will be positive between the roots.

Thus, we test the interval:
(17,0)(-17, 0)

Since the parabola opens downward, the function y>0 y > 0 is true in the interval 17<x<0 -17 < x < 0 .

Therefore, the solution to the problem is 17<x<0-17 < x < 0, which corresponds to choice 3.

Answer

-17 < x < 0

Exercise #2

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=x2+34x2 y=-x^2+\frac{3}{4}x-2

Step-by-Step Solution

Let's begin by finding the roots of the quadratic function y=x2+34x2 y = -x^2 + \frac{3}{4}x - 2 . This will help us determine the intervals where the function is positive or negative.

The coefficients of the quadratic are a=1 a = -1 , b=34 b = \frac{3}{4} , and c=2 c = -2 . Applying the quadratic formula:

x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

Substitute in the values:

x=34±(34)24(1)(2)2(1) x = \frac{-\frac{3}{4} \pm \sqrt{\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2 - 4(-1)(-2)}}{2(-1)} x=34±91682 x = \frac{-\frac{3}{4} \pm \sqrt{\frac{9}{16} - 8}}{-2}

Calculate inside the square root:

9168=91612816=11916 \frac{9}{16} - 8 = \frac{9}{16} - \frac{128}{16} = \frac{-119}{16}

The discriminant b24ac b^2 - 4ac is negative (11916\frac{-119}{16}), indicating there are no real roots. Therefore, the quadratic function doesn't intersect the x-axis.

Since the parabola is downward (the coefficient of x2 x^2 is negative), it is negative for all xR x \in \mathbb{R} .

We conclude that:

  • The function y y does not have a positive domain for any real x x .
  • The function y y is negative for all x x .

Therefore, the positive and negative domains, based on choices given, are:

x>0 x > 0 : none

x<0 x < 0 : all x x

Answer

x > 0 : none

x < 0 : all x x

Exercise #3

Find the positive and negative domains of the function below:

y=12x28 y=\frac{1}{2}x^2-8

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

Let's solve the problem by following the outlined steps:

Step 1: Solve the Quadratic Equation.
First, solve the equation 12x28=0 \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 8 = 0 to find the critical values:

12x28=0 \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 8 = 0

12x2=8 \frac{1}{2}x^2 = 8

x2=16 x^2 = 16

x=±4 x = \pm 4

Thus, the roots are x=4 x = 4 and x=4 x = -4 .

Step 2: Determine Intervals and Test Sign of Function.
The roots divide the number line into three intervals: x<4 x < -4 , 4<x<4 -4 < x < 4 , and x>4 x > 4 .

  • For x<4 x < -4 , choose a test point like x=5 x = -5 :
  • y=12(5)28=12×258=12.58=4.5 y = \frac{1}{2}(-5)^2 - 8 = \frac{1}{2} \times 25 - 8 = 12.5 - 8 = 4.5 (Positive)

  • For 4<x<4 -4 < x < 4 , choose a test point like x=0 x = 0 :
  • y=12(0)28=8 y = \frac{1}{2}(0)^2 - 8 = -8 (Negative)

  • For x>4 x > 4 , choose a test point like x=5 x = 5 :
  • y=12(5)28=12×258=12.58=4.5 y = \frac{1}{2}(5)^2 - 8 = \frac{1}{2} \times 25 - 8 = 12.5 - 8 = 4.5 (Positive)

Conclusion:
Therefore, the function is negative in the interval where 4<x<4 -4 < x < 4 .

Thus, the solution for the inequality 12x28<0 \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 8 < 0 is 4<x<4 -4 < x < 4 .

Answer

-4 < x < 4

Exercise #4

Look at the following function:

y=15x2+113x y=\frac{1}{5}x^2+1\frac{1}{3}x

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

Let's solve the problem step by step:

The function given is y=15x2+113x y = \frac{1}{5}x^2 + 1\frac{1}{3}x . The first step is to convert the mixed number into an improper fraction:

113=43 1\frac{1}{3} = \frac{4}{3} , so the function becomes:

y=15x2+43x y = \frac{1}{5}x^2 + \frac{4}{3}x .

This can be written in standard form ax2+bx+c=0 ax^2 + bx + c = 0 where a=15 a = \frac{1}{5} , b=43 b = \frac{4}{3} , and c=0 c = 0 (not visible, but necessary for proper representation).

Next, we use the quadratic formula to find the roots:

x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} .

Plug in the values:

x=43±(43)24×15×02×15 x = \frac{-\frac{4}{3} \pm \sqrt{\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^2 - 4 \times \frac{1}{5} \times 0}}{2 \times \frac{1}{5}} .

Simplify where possible:

x=43±16925 x = \frac{-\frac{4}{3} \pm \sqrt{\frac{16}{9}}}{\frac{2}{5}} , leading to:

x=43±4325 x = \frac{-\frac{4}{3} \pm \frac{4}{3}}{\frac{2}{5}} .

This gives roots:

x=0 x = 0 and x=623 x = -6\frac{2}{3} .

The parabola opens upward (since a=15>0 a = \frac{1}{5} > 0 ). The quadratic function is positive between the roots and for values outside them:

This results in two intervals where f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 :

  • x<623 x < -6\frac{2}{3}
  • x>0 x > 0

Thus, the solution to the problem is:

x>0 x > 0 or x<623 x < -6\frac{2}{3} .

Answer

x > 0 or x < -6\frac{2}{3}

Exercise #5

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=(x12)(x+612) y=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x+6\frac{1}{2}\right)

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

Let us solve the problem step by step to find: x x values for which f(x) < 0 .

Firstly, identify the roots of the function y=(x12)(x+612) y = \left(x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x + 6\frac{1}{2}\right) :

  • The root from (x12)=0 \left(x - \frac{1}{2}\right) = 0 is x=12 x = \frac{1}{2} .
  • The root from (x+612)=0 \left(x + 6\frac{1}{2}\right) = 0 is x=612 x = -6\frac{1}{2} .

These roots divide the real number line into three intervals:

  • x<612 x < -6\frac{1}{2}
  • 612<x<12 -6\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2}
  • x>12 x > \frac{1}{2}

To determine where the function is negative, evaluate the sign in each interval:

  • For x<612 x < -6\frac{1}{2} : Both factors (x12) (x - \frac{1}{2}) and (x+612) (x + 6\frac{1}{2}) are negative, so their product is positive.
  • For 612<x<12 -6\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2} : (x12) (x - \frac{1}{2}) is negative and (x+612) (x + 6\frac{1}{2}) is positive, thus the product is negative.
  • For x>12 x > \frac{1}{2} : Both factors are positive, so their product is positive.

Hence, the function is negative on the interval: 612<x<12 -6\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2} .

Answer

-6\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2}

Exercise #6

Look at the following function:

y=13x2+213x y=\frac{1}{3}x^2+2\frac{1}{3}x

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f\left(x\right) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

The function given is y=13x2+73x y = \frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{7}{3}x . Our goal is to determine when this function is greater than 0.

Firstly, we set the function equal to 0 to find the critical points:

13x2+73x=0\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{7}{3}x = 0

Factor out 13x\frac{1}{3}x from the equation:

13x(x+7)=0\frac{1}{3}x(x + 7) = 0

This gives us two roots: x=0x = 0 and x=7x = -7.

Now, consider the intervals determined by these roots: x<7x < -7, 7<x<0-7 < x < 0, and x>0x > 0. Analyze the sign of y y in each interval by selecting test points.

  • Interval x<7x < -7: Choose x=8x = -8. Substituting into the function gives 13(8)2+73(8)=643563=83>0 \frac{1}{3}(-8)^2 + \frac{7}{3}(-8) = \frac{64}{3} - \frac{56}{3} = \frac{8}{3} > 0
  • Interval 7<x<0-7 < x < 0: Choose x=1x = -1. Substituting into the function gives 13(1)2+73(1)=1373=63=2<0 \frac{1}{3}(-1)^2 + \frac{7}{3}(-1) = \frac{1}{3} - \frac{7}{3} = -\frac{6}{3} = -2 < 0
  • Interval x>0x > 0: Choose x=1x = 1. Substituting into the function gives 13(1)2+73(1)=13+73=83>0 \frac{1}{3}(1)^2 + \frac{7}{3}(1) = \frac{1}{3} + \frac{7}{3} = \frac{8}{3} > 0

From this analysis, the function y y is positive when x<7 x < -7 or x>0 x > 0 . Thus, the solution is:

The function f(x) f(x) is positive for x>0 x > 0 or x<7 x < -7 .

Answer

x > 0 or x < -7

Exercise #7

Find the positive and negative domains of the function below:

y=12x22 y=\frac{1}{2}x^2-2

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

The function y=12x22 y = \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 2 is quadratic. To find where f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 , identify where f(x)=0 f(x) = 0 by setting the equation equal to zero and solving for x x .

The equation is 12x22=0 \frac{1}{2}x^2 - 2 = 0 .

Multiply through by 2 to eliminate the fraction:
x24=0 x^2 - 4 = 0 .

Set the equation as (x2)(x+2)=0 (x - 2)(x + 2) = 0 to find the roots.

Solving gives roots x=2 x = 2 and x=2 x = -2 .

The function f(x) f(x) will change signs at these roots x=2 x = -2 and x=2 x = 2 .

Check intervals determined by the roots to find where f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 :

  • For 2<x<2 -2 < x < 2 : Evaluate one test point like x=0 x = 0 in f(x) f(x) :
    f(0)=12(0)22=2 f(0) = \frac{1}{2}(0)^2 - 2 = -2 , indicating f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 .
  • For intervals x<2 x < -2 or x>2 x > 2 : Select x=3 x = -3 and x=3 x = 3 respectively, both yield positive results, therefore f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 .

Ultimately, the function f(x) f(x) is negative only on the interval 2<x<2 -2 < x < 2 .

Therefore, the values of x x for which f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 are such that 2<x<2-2 < x < 2.

Answer

-2 < x < 2

Exercise #8

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=(13x+16)(x415) y=\left(\frac{1}{3}x+\frac{1}{6}\right)\left(-x-4\frac{1}{5}\right)

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

The function y=(13x+16)(x415) y = \left(\frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6}\right)\left(-x - 4\frac{1}{5}\right) requires us to analyze the sign of the product for various x x values.

First, we must find the zeros of each factor:

  • The zero of 13x+16 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} is found by solving 13x+16=0 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} = 0 :
    Subtract 16 \frac{1}{6} to get:
    13x=16 \frac{1}{3}x = -\frac{1}{6}
    Multiply both sides by 3:
    x=12 x = -\frac{1}{2} .
  • The zero of x415 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} is found by solving x415=0 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} = 0 :
    Add 415 4\frac{1}{5} to get:
    x=415 -x = 4\frac{1}{5}
    Multiply by 1-1 to find:
    x=415 x = -4\frac{1}{5} .

Next, we identify the intervals defined by these zeros: x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5} , 415<x<12 -4\frac{1}{5} < x < -\frac{1}{2} , and x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} .

We will determine the sign of the function in each interval:

  • In x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5} :
    - 13x+16 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} and x415 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} are both negative (since both points are below their respective roots), resulting in a positive product.
  • In 415<x<12 -4\frac{1}{5} < x < -\frac{1}{2} :
    - 13x+16 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} is negative and x415 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} is positive, resulting in a negative product.
  • In x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} :
    - 13x+16 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} and x415 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} are both positive, resulting in a positive product.

The function is negative in the interval 415<x<12 -4\frac{1}{5} < x < -\frac{1}{2} . Thus, the correct answer corresponding to where the function is negative is the complementary intervals x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} or x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5} , which matches choice 2.

Therefore, the solution is x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} or x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5} .

Answer

x > -\frac{1}{2} or x < -4\frac{1}{5}

Exercise #9

Find the positive and negative domains of the function below:

y=x249 y=x^2-\frac{4}{9}

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

The function we are given is y=x249 y = x^2 - \frac{4}{9} . This is a quadratic function.

To find where f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 , we first need to determine where the function equals zero and changes sign. This involves solving the equation:

x249=0 x^2 - \frac{4}{9} = 0

Rearranging gives:

x2=49 x^2 = \frac{4}{9}

Taking the square root of both sides, we find:

x=±23 x = \pm \frac{2}{3}

These are the points where the function changes signs. The parabola represented by this quadratic function opens upwards (since the coefficient of x2 x^2 is positive and equal to 1), indicating that it is positive outside the interval between these roots and negative inside:

  • The intervals of interest are x<23 x < -\frac{2}{3} , 23<x<23 -\frac{2}{3} < x < \frac{2}{3} , and x>23 x > \frac{2}{3} .
  • In the interval x<23 x < -\frac{2}{3} , x249>0 x^2 - \frac{4}{9} > 0 because outside the roots, the parabola is above the x-axis.
  • In the interval 23<x<23 -\frac{2}{3} < x < \frac{2}{3} , x249<0 x^2 - \frac{4}{9} < 0 because it is between the roots where the parabola lies below the x-axis.
  • In the interval x>23 x > \frac{2}{3} , x249>0 x^2 - \frac{4}{9} > 0 for the same reason as x<23 x < -\frac{2}{3} .

Therefore, the function f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 when x<23 x < -\frac{2}{3} or x>23 x > \frac{2}{3} .

Considering the choices provided, the correct answer that satisfies f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 is choice 3: x>23 x > \frac{2}{3} or x<23 x < -\frac{2}{3} .

Answer

x > \frac{2}{3} or x < -\frac{2}{3}

Exercise #10

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=12x2+22572 y=-\frac{1}{2}x^2+2\frac{25}{72}

Step-by-Step Solution

The given function is y=12x2+22572 y = -\frac{1}{2}x^2 + 2\frac{25}{72} . We need to find when this function is equal to zero to determine the positive and negative domains.

First, identify the coefficients from the function:

  • a=12 a = -\frac{1}{2} , b=0 b = 0 , c=22572 c = 2\frac{25}{72} which we convert to improper fraction: 16972 \frac{169}{72} .

We then use the quadratic formula x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} to find the roots.

Substituting in our values:

x=0±04(12)(16972)1 x = \frac{-0 \pm \sqrt{0 - 4\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{169}{72}\right)}}{-1} .

The discriminant calculation is as follows:

41216972=16936 4 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{169}{72} = \frac{169}{36} .

So our roots are:

x=±16936=±136=±216 x = \pm \sqrt{\frac{169}{36}} = \pm \frac{13}{6} = \pm 2\frac{1}{6} .

The roots are x=216 x = 2\frac{1}{6} and x=216 x = -2\frac{1}{6} . These divide the x-axis into intervals to be tested.

- When x<216 x < -2\frac{1}{6} , test point x=3 x = -3 :
y=12(3)2+16972<0 y = -\frac{1}{2}(3)^2 + \frac{169}{72} < 0 : Negative.
Hence, x<216 x < -2\frac{1}{6} gives negative values.

- When 216<x<216 -2\frac{1}{6} < x < 2\frac{1}{6} , test x=0 x = 0 :
y=12(0)2+16972>0 y = -\frac{1}{2}(0)^2 + \frac{169}{72} > 0 : Positive.
Hence, 216<x<216 -2\frac{1}{6} < x < 2\frac{1}{6} gives positive values.

- When x>216 x > 2\frac{1}{6} , test point x=3 x = 3 :
y=12(3)2+16972<0 y = -\frac{1}{2}(3)^2 + \frac{169}{72} < 0 : Negative.
Hence, x>216 x > 2\frac{1}{6} gives negative values.

Therefore, the positive domain is x>0:216<x<216 x > 0 : -2\frac{1}{6} < x < 2\frac{1}{6} and the negative domain is x<0:x<216 x < 0 : x < -2\frac{1}{6} or x>216 x > 2\frac{1}{6} .

In comparing to the provided choices, the correct choice is Choice 2: x>216 x > 2\frac{1}{6} or x<0:x<216 x < 0 : x < -2\frac{1}{6}

x>0:216<x<216 x > 0 : - 2\frac{1}{6} < x < 2\frac{1}{6}

Answer

x > 2\frac{1}{6} or x < 0 : x < -2\frac{1}{6}

x > 0 : - 2\frac{1}{6} < x < 2\frac{1}{6}

Exercise #11

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=x2413 y=-x^2-4\frac{1}{3}

Step-by-Step Solution

The quadratic function is y=x243 y = -x^2 - \frac{4}{3} . This function graphs as a parabola opening downwards.

Let's analyze the sign of the function:

  • Since the parabola opens downwards (negative coefficient of x2 x^2 ), y y takes on non-positive values. No solution exists for when y>0 y > 0 .
  • For y=0 y = 0 , solving gives: x243=0 -x^2 - \frac{4}{3} = 0 which means x2=43 -x^2 = \frac{4}{3} . This equation cannot be true for any real x x because squares are non-negative and cannot yield negative values.
  • Therefore, the function does not cross or even touch the x x -axis.
  • This means the range of the function simply yields negative values for any x x .

Let's review some regions:

  • Negative Domain, x<0 x < 0 : Since the function always remains negative or zero, for negative x x , \, the domain technically spans all real numbers, but function values will be less than 0 (negative).
  • Positive Domain, x>0 x > 0 : None as y>0 y > 0 does not happen for any real x x due to the nature of the parabola being downward opening and completely below the x x -axis.

The correct choice identifying domains is: x<0: x < 0 : all x x

x>0: x > 0 : none.

Answer

x < 0 : all x x

x > 0 : none

Exercise #12

Find the positive and negative domains of the function:

y=2x25x+3 y=2x^2-5x+3

Step-by-Step Solution

Therefore, the positive and negative domains of the function are:

x < 0 : 1 < x < 1.5

x > 1.5 or x > 0 : x < 1

Answer

x < 0 : 1 < x < 1.5

x > 1.5 or x > 0 : x < 1

Exercise #13

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=x2+5x+6 y=-x^2+5x+6

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the positive and negative domains of the function y=x2+5x+6 y = -x^2 + 5x + 6 , we first find the roots of the equation by solving:

x2+5x+6=0 -x^2 + 5x + 6 = 0 .

We use the quadratic formula:

x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} .

Here, a=1 a = -1 , b=5 b = 5 , and c=6 c = 6 . Substituting these values, we find:

x=5±524(1)(6)2(1)=5±25+242=5±492 x = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt{5^2 - 4(-1)(6)}}{2(-1)} = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt{25 + 24}}{-2} = \frac{-5 \pm \sqrt{49}}{-2} .

x=5±72 x = \frac{-5 \pm 7}{-2} .

Solving the two scenarios regarding the ±\pm gives x=22=1 x = \frac{2}{-2} = -1 and x=122=6 x = \frac{-12}{-2} = 6 .

This means the roots are x=1 x = -1 and x=6 x = 6 .

We now test the intervals defined by these roots: (,1) (-\infty, -1) , (1,6) (-1, 6) , and (6,) (6, \infty) .

- For x<1 x < -1 : pick x=2 x = -2 . Substitute into the function:

y=(2)2+5(2)+6=410+6=8 y = -(-2)^2 + 5(-2) + 6 = -4 - 10 + 6 = -8 (negative).

- For 1<x<6-1 < x < 6: pick x=0 x = 0 . Substitute:

y=(0)2+5(0)+6=6 y = -(0)^2 + 5(0) + 6 = 6 (positive).

- For x>6 x > 6: pick x=7 x = 7 . Substitute:

y=(7)2+5(7)+6=49+35+6=8 y = -(7)^2 + 5(7) + 6 = -49 + 35 + 6 = -8 (negative).

Thus, the function is positive in the interval 1<x<6-1 < x < 6 and negative in the intervals x<1x < -1 and x>6x > 6.

Therefore, the solution to the problem is:

x > 0 : -1 < x < 6

x > 6 or x < 0 : x < -1

Answer

x > 0 : -1 < x < 6

x > 6 or x < 0 : x < -1

Exercise #14

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=3x2+7x+2 y=3x^2+7x+2

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the positive and negative domains of the quadratic function y=3x2+7x+2 y = 3x^2 + 7x + 2 , we will first find its roots using the quadratic formula.

The quadratic formula is x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} .

For this function, a=3 a = 3 , b=7 b = 7 , and c=2 c = 2 .

First, calculate the discriminant Δ \Delta :

Δ=b24ac=72432=4924=25 \Delta = b^2 - 4ac = 7^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot 2 = 49 - 24 = 25 .

Since the discriminant is positive, the function has two distinct real roots.

Now, calculate the roots:

x=b±Δ2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{\Delta}}{2a} .

x=7±256=7±56 x = \frac{-7 \pm \sqrt{25}}{6} = \frac{-7 \pm 5}{6} .

This results in:

  • Root 1: x=7+56=26=13 x = \frac{-7 + 5}{6} = \frac{-2}{6} = -\frac{1}{3}
  • Root 2: x=756=126=2 x = \frac{-7 - 5}{6} = \frac{-12}{6} = -2

The roots are x=2 x = -2 and x=13 x = -\frac{1}{3} , dividing the x-axis into three intervals: x<2 x < -2 , 2<x<13 -2 < x < -\frac{1}{3} , and x>13 x > -\frac{1}{3} .

For x x \to -\infty , the quadratic y=3x2+7x+2 y = 3x^2 + 7x + 2 is positive, as the leading coefficient a=3 a = 3 is positive, indicating the parabola opens upwards.

Evaluate the sign of y y within the intervals:

  • For x<2 x < -2 , pick x=3 x = -3 : y=3(3)2+7(3)+2=2721+2=8 y = 3(-3)^2 + 7(-3) + 2 = 27 - 21 + 2 = 8 . Hence, y>0 y > 0 .
  • For 2<x<13 -2 < x < -\frac{1}{3} , pick x=1 x = -1 : y=3(1)2+7(1)+2=37+2=2 y = 3(-1)^2 + 7(-1) + 2 = 3 - 7 + 2 = -2 . Hence, y<0 y < 0 .
  • For x>13 x > -\frac{1}{3} , pick x=0 x = 0 : y=3(0)2+7(0)+2=2 y = 3(0)^2 + 7(0) + 2 = 2 . Hence, y>0 y > 0 .

Therefore, the positive domain of the function is x<2 x < -2 and x>13 x > -\frac{1}{3} , and the negative domain is 2<x<13 -2 < x < -\frac{1}{3} .

Thus, the solution matches the given correct answer:

x<0:2<x<13 x < 0 : -2 < x < -\frac{1}{3}

x>13 x > -\frac{1}{3} or x>0:x<2 x > 0 : x < -2

Answer

x < 0 : -2 < x < -\frac{1}{3}

x > -\frac{1}{3} or x > 0 : x < -2

Exercise #15

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=12x2+34x+56 y=\frac{1}{2}x^2+\frac{3}{4}x+\frac{5}{6}

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the positive and negative domains of the quadratic function y=12x2+34x+56 y = \frac{1}{2}x^2 + \frac{3}{4}x + \frac{5}{6} , we start by considering the possibility of real roots using the discriminant.

The discriminant Δ\Delta is given by:

Δ=b24ac=(34)24(12)(56)\Delta = b^2 - 4ac = \left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2 - 4\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)

Calculating gives:

Δ=9162012=91653=9168048\Delta = \frac{9}{16} - \frac{20}{12} = \frac{9}{16} - \frac{5}{3} = \frac{9}{16} - \frac{80}{48}

Convert 916\frac{9}{16} to a common denominator:

Δ=27488048=5348\Delta = \frac{27}{48} - \frac{80}{48} = -\frac{53}{48}

The discriminant Δ\Delta is negative, indicating that this quadratic equation has no real roots.

Since the coefficient a=12 a = \frac{1}{2} is positive and there are no real roots, the parabola opens upwards and never crosses the x-axis.

This means that the function is always positive for all x x .

Thus, the positive domain is all x x , and there is no negative domain.

Therefore, the correct choice is:

x>0: x > 0 : for all x x

x<0: x < 0 : none

Answer

x > 0 : for all x x

x < 0 : none

Exercise #16

Find the positive and negative domains of the function:

y=13x2+x+2 y=\frac{1}{3}x^2+x+2

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the positive and negative domains of the quadratic function y=13x2+x+2 y = \frac{1}{3}x^2 + x + 2 , we will follow these general steps:

  • Find the roots of the equation 13x2+x+2=0 \frac{1}{3}x^2 + x + 2 = 0 .
  • Analyze the sign of the quadratic between and beyond these roots.

First, let's identify the roots of the quadratic function:

Using the quadratic formula x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} , where a=13 a = \frac{1}{3} , b=1 b = 1 , and c=2 c = 2 , the discriminant Δ=b24ac=124132=183=53 \Delta = b^2 - 4ac = 1^2 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{3} \cdot 2 = 1 - \frac{8}{3} = \frac{-5}{3} .

Since the discriminant is negative, the quadratic equation 13x2+x+2=0 \frac{1}{3}x^2 + x + 2 = 0 has no real roots.

Given that the coefficient of x2 x^2 (i.e., 13\frac{1}{3}) is positive, the parabola opens upwards, meaning the entire function is greater than zero for all real values of x x .

Therefore, the positive domain is all real numbers, and there is no negative domain.

Therefore, the solution is: x>0 x > 0 : for all x x ; x<0 x < 0 : none.

Answer

x > 0 : for all x

x < 0 : none

Exercise #17

Look at the following function:

y=14x2312x y=\frac{1}{4}x^2-3\frac{1}{2}x

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine when f(x)=14x2312x<0 f(x) = \frac{1}{4}x^2 - 3\frac{1}{2}x < 0 , follow these steps:

Step 1: Find the roots of the quadratic equation.

The function can be rewritten as y=14x272x y = \frac{1}{4}x^2 - \frac{7}{2}x . Set this equal to zero to find the roots:

14x272x=0 \frac{1}{4}x^2 - \frac{7}{2}x = 0

Factor out x x : x(14x72)=0 x\left(\frac{1}{4}x - \frac{7}{2}\right) = 0

So, x=0 x = 0 or 14x=72 \frac{1}{4}x = \frac{7}{2} . Solve the second equation:

x=72×4=14 x = \frac{7}{2} \times 4 = 14

Step 2: Analyze the intervals around the roots.

The roots are x=0 x = 0 and x=14 x = 14 . These divide the number line into three intervals: x<0 x < 0 , 0<x<14 0 < x < 14 , and x>14 x > 14 .

Step 3: Perform a sign test in each interval.

  • Test for x<0 x < 0 : Choose x=1 x = -1 . The value of the function f(1)=14(1)272(1)=14+72>0 f(-1) = \frac{1}{4}(-1)^2 - \frac{7}{2}(-1) = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{7}{2} > 0 .
  • Test for 0<x<14 0 < x < 14 : Choose x=7 x = 7 . The value of the function f(7)=14(7)272(7)=494492=494984=494<0 f(7) = \frac{1}{4}(7)^2 - \frac{7}{2}(7) = \frac{49}{4} - \frac{49}{2} = \frac{49}{4} - \frac{98}{4} = -\frac{49}{4} < 0 .
  • Test for x>14 x > 14 : Choose x=15 x = 15 . The value of the function f(15)=14(15)272(15)=22541052=22542104=154>0 f(15) = \frac{1}{4}(15)^2 - \frac{7}{2}(15) = \frac{225}{4} - \frac{105}{2} = \frac{225}{4} - \frac{210}{4} = \frac{15}{4} > 0 .

Conclusion: The quadratic 14x272x \frac{1}{4}x^2 - \frac{7}{2}x is less than zero for 0<x<14 0 < x < 14 .

Therefore, the solution to the problem is 0<x<14 0 < x < 14 .

Answer

0 < x < 14

Exercise #18

Look at the function below:

y=(x4.4)(x2.3) y=\left(x-4.4\right)\left(x-2.3\right)

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine when the quadratic function y=(x4.4)(x2.3) y = (x - 4.4)(x - 2.3) is negative, we need to analyze the sign of the product across the different intervals defined by its roots.

  • Step 1: Identify the roots of the function. The roots occur when each factor equals zero, which are x=2.3 x = 2.3 and x=4.4 x = 4.4 .
  • Step 2: Divide the x-axis into intervals based on these roots: x<2.3 x < 2.3 , 2.3<x<4.4 2.3 < x < 4.4 , and x>4.4 x > 4.4 .
  • Step 3: Test a value from each interval:
    • For x<2.3 x < 2.3 , try x=2 x = 2 : y=(24.4)(22.3)=(2.4)(0.3)=0.72 y = (2 - 4.4)(2 - 2.3) = (-2.4)(-0.3) = 0.72 , so the product is positive.
    • For 2.3<x<4.4 2.3 < x < 4.4 , try x=3 x = 3 : y=(34.4)(32.3)=(1.4)(0.7)=0.98 y = (3 - 4.4)(3 - 2.3) = (-1.4)(0.7) = -0.98 , so the product is negative.
    • For x>4.4 x > 4.4 , try x=5 x = 5 : y=(54.4)(52.3)=(0.6)(2.7)=1.62 y = (5 - 4.4)(5 - 2.3) = (0.6)(2.7) = 1.62 , so the product is positive.

From this analysis, we see that the quadratic function is negative for values of x x in the interval 2.3<x<4.4 2.3 < x < 4.4 . This is the range where the function changes sign from positive to negative back to positive.

Therefore, the correct answer is 2.3<x<4.4 2.3 < x < 4.4 .

Answer

2.3 < x < 4.4

Exercise #19

Look at the following function:

y=19x2+123x y=-\frac{1}{9}x^2+1\frac{2}{3}x

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine where the function f(x)=19x2+53x f(x) = -\frac{1}{9}x^2 + \frac{5}{3}x is positive, we follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Convert the mixed fraction: The term 123x 1\frac{2}{3}x can be written as 53x \frac{5}{3}x .
  • Step 2: The function can be expressed as f(x)=19x2+53x f(x) = -\frac{1}{9}x^2 + \frac{5}{3}x .
  • Step 3: Set the function equal to zero to find the roots: 19x2+53x=0 -\frac{1}{9}x^2 + \frac{5}{3}x = 0 .
  • Step 4: Factor out x x : x(19x+53)=0 x\left(-\frac{1}{9}x + \frac{5}{3}\right) = 0 .
  • Step 5: Solve for x x : From x=0 x = 0 and 19x+53=0 -\frac{1}{9}x + \frac{5}{3} = 0 , find the second root:

Solving the second equation:

53=19x\frac{5}{3} = \frac{1}{9}x, which simplifies to:

x=53×9=15x = \frac{5}{3} \times 9 = 15.

The roots are x=0 x = 0 and x=15 x = 15 .

Since the parabola opens downwards (as indicated by the negative leading coefficient 19-\frac{1}{9}), the function will be positive between the roots.

Thus, f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 for 0<x<15 0 < x < 15 .

Therefore, the values of x x such that f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 are given by:

0<x<15 0 < x < 15 .

Answer

0 < x < 15

Exercise #20

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=x2+12x3 y=-x^2+\frac{1}{2}x-3

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the domains where the function is positive and negative, let's follow these steps:

  • Identify the quadratic function given: y=x2+12x3 y = -x^2 + \frac{1}{2}x - 3 .
  • Use the quadratic formula, x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} , to find the roots.

Substitute a=1 a = -1 , b=12 b = \frac{1}{2} , and c=3 c = -3 into the quadratic formula:

x=12±(12)24(1)(3)2(1) x = \frac{-\frac{1}{2} \pm \sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 - 4(-1)(-3)}}{2(-1)} .

x=12±14122 x = \frac{-\frac{1}{2} \pm \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} - 12}}{-2} .

x=12±4742 x = \frac{-\frac{1}{2} \pm \sqrt{-\frac{47}{4}}}{-2} .

This results in a negative discriminant (474 -\frac{47}{4} ), meaning there are no real roots.

Since there are no real roots, the function does not cross the x-axis, and given the parabola opens downwards (a<0 a < 0 ), the entire curve lies below the x-axis.

Therefore, the function is negative for all x x .

This means:
For x<0 x < 0 : the function is negative for all x x .
For x>0 x > 0 : there are no positive intervals as the function is negative everywhere.

Thus, the solution indicates that the function is always negative, confirming the negative domain spans all real numbers, and the positive domain is nonexistent.

The correct choice aligning with this result is Choice 2: x<0 x < 0 : for all x x , and x>0 x > 0 : none.

Answer

x < 0 : for all x x

x > 0 : none