Examples with solutions for Positive and Negative Domains: With fractions

Exercise #1

Look at the function below:

y=(x4.4)(x2.3) y=\left(x-4.4\right)\left(x-2.3\right)

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)>0 f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we need to analyze where the expression (x4.4)(x2.3) (x - 4.4)(x - 2.3) is greater than zero. We have two roots, x=4.4 x = 4.4 and x=2.3 x = 2.3 , which divide the number line into three intervals: x<2.3 x < 2.3 , 2.3<x<4.4 2.3 < x < 4.4 , and x>4.4 x > 4.4 .

Let's check these intervals:

  • For x<2.3 x < 2.3 , both (x4.4) (x - 4.4) and (x2.3) (x - 2.3) are negative, resulting in a positive product.
  • For 2.3<x<4.4 2.3 < x < 4.4 , (x4.4) (x - 4.4) is negative and (x2.3) (x - 2.3) is positive, resulting in a negative product.
  • For x>4.4 x > 4.4 , both (x4.4) (x - 4.4) and (x2.3) (x - 2.3) are positive, resulting in a positive product.

Thus, the expression (x4.4)(x2.3)>0 (x - 4.4)(x - 2.3) > 0 holds in the intervals x<2.3 x < 2.3 and x>4.4 x > 4.4 .

Therefore, the solution is x>4.4 x > 4.4 or x<2.3 x < 2.3 .

Answer

x>4.4 x > 4.4 or x<2.3 x < 2.3

Exercise #2

Find the positive and negative domains of the function below:

y=(x13)(x214) y=\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(-x-2\frac{1}{4}\right)

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we need to find the roots and determine the sign of the function on intervals between these roots:

  • Step 1: Find the roots of the quadratic by solving each factor equal to zero.
  • Step 2: x13=0 x - \frac{1}{3} = 0 gives x=13 x = \frac{1}{3} .
    Solve x214=0 -x - 2\frac{1}{4} = 0 gives x=214 x = -2\frac{1}{4} or x=94 x = -\frac{9}{4} .
  • Step 3: This defines the critical points, x=13 x = \frac{1}{3} and x=94 x = -\frac{9}{4} .
  • Step 4: Determine the sign of the function on intervals: (,94) (-\infty, -\frac{9}{4}) , (94,13) (-\frac{9}{4}, \frac{1}{3}) , and (13,) (\frac{1}{3}, \infty) .
  • Step 5: Test points in each interval:
    For x<94 x < -\frac{9}{4} , both factors are negative, the product is positive: Interval does not satisfy.
    For 94<x<13 -\frac{9}{4} < x < \frac{1}{3} , signs will vary, and the product is negative: Interval satisfies f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 .
    For x>13 x > \frac{1}{3} , both factors are positive, the product is positive: Interval does not satisfy.

Thus, the solution is for values where the product is negative: 214<x<13 -2\frac{1}{4} < x < \frac{1}{3} .

The correct answer choice is therefore Choice 1

Answer

x>13 x > \frac{1}{3} or x<214 x < -2\frac{1}{4}

Exercise #3

Find the positive and negative domains of the function:

y=(x13)(x214) y=\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(-x-2\frac{1}{4}\right)

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)>0 f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Identify the roots of the quadratic expression.
  • Step 2: Determine the sign of each factor in intervals defined by these roots.
  • Step 3: Identify where the product of these factors is positive.

Now, let's work through each step:

Step 1: Identify the roots.
The given function is y=(x13)(x214) y = \left(x - \frac{1}{3}\right)\left(-x - 2\frac{1}{4}\right) . To find the roots, solve each factor for zero:

  • x13=0 x - \frac{1}{3} = 0 gives x=13 x = \frac{1}{3} .
  • x214=0-x - 2\frac{1}{4} = 0 gives x=214 x = -2\frac{1}{4} .

Step 2: Determine the sign of each factor in the intervals defined by these roots.
The zeros divide the x-axis into three intervals: (,214)(-∞, -2\frac{1}{4}), (214,13)(-2\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{3}), and (13,)(\frac{1}{3}, ∞).

Step 3: Test the signs and find where the product is positive.

  • For x<214 x < -2\frac{1}{4} , test with x=3 x = -3 : - x13=313<0 x - \frac{1}{3} = -3 - \frac{1}{3} < 0 - x214=3214>0-x - 2\frac{1}{4} = 3 - 2\frac{1}{4} > 0 - Product: Negative
  • For 214<x<13 -2\frac{1}{4} < x < \frac{1}{3} , test with x=0 x = 0 : - x13=013<0 x - \frac{1}{3} = 0 - \frac{1}{3} < 0 - x214=0214>0-x - 2\frac{1}{4} = 0 - 2\frac{1}{4} > 0 - Product: Positive
  • For x>13 x > \frac{1}{3} , test with x=1 x = 1 : - x13=113>0 x - \frac{1}{3} = 1 - \frac{1}{3} > 0 - x214=1214<0-x - 2\frac{1}{4} = -1 - 2\frac{1}{4} < 0 - Product: Negative

Therefore, the solution to f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 is in the interval:

214<x<13 -2\frac{1}{4} < x < \frac{1}{3} .

Answer

214<x<13 -2\frac{1}{4} < x < \frac{1}{3}

Exercise #4

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=(13x+16)(x415) y=\left(\frac{1}{3}x+\frac{1}{6}\right)\left(-x-4\frac{1}{5}\right)

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

The function y=(13x+16)(x415) y = \left(\frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6}\right)\left(-x - 4\frac{1}{5}\right) requires us to analyze the sign of the product for various x x values.

First, we must find the zeros of each factor:

  • The zero of 13x+16 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} is found by solving 13x+16=0 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} = 0 :
    Subtract 16 \frac{1}{6} to get:
    13x=16 \frac{1}{3}x = -\frac{1}{6}
    Multiply both sides by 3:
    x=12 x = -\frac{1}{2} .
  • The zero of x415 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} is found by solving x415=0 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} = 0 :
    Add 415 4\frac{1}{5} to get:
    x=415 -x = 4\frac{1}{5}
    Multiply by 1-1 to find:
    x=415 x = -4\frac{1}{5} .

Next, we identify the intervals defined by these zeros: x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5} , 415<x<12 -4\frac{1}{5} < x < -\frac{1}{2} , and x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} .

We will determine the sign of the function in each interval:

  • In x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5} :
    - 13x+16 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} and x415 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} are both negative (since both points are below their respective roots), resulting in a positive product.
  • In 415<x<12 -4\frac{1}{5} < x < -\frac{1}{2} :
    - 13x+16 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} is negative and x415 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} is positive, resulting in a negative product.
  • In x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} :
    - 13x+16 \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{1}{6} and x415 -x - 4\frac{1}{5} are both positive, resulting in a positive product.

The function is negative in the interval 415<x<12 -4\frac{1}{5} < x < -\frac{1}{2} . Thus, the correct answer corresponding to where the function is negative is the complementary intervals x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} or x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5} , which matches choice 2.

Therefore, the solution is x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} or x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5} .

Answer

x>12 x > -\frac{1}{2} or x<415 x < -4\frac{1}{5}

Exercise #5

Find the positive and negative domains of the function:

y=(x12)(x+612) y=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x+6\frac{1}{2}\right)

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)>0 f\left(x\right) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To find when the function y=(x12)(x+612) y = \left(x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x + 6\frac{1}{2}\right) is positive, we proceed as follows:

First, identify the roots of the expression by solving x12=0 x - \frac{1}{2} = 0 and x+612=0 x + 6\frac{1}{2} = 0 . These calculations give us the roots x=12 x = \frac{1}{2} and x=612 x = -6\frac{1}{2} , or x=132 x = -\frac{13}{2} .

Next, determine the sign of the product (x12)(x+132) (x - \frac{1}{2})(x + \frac{13}{2}) over the intervals defined by these roots:

  • Interval 1: x<132 x < -\frac{13}{2} . In this region, both x12 x - \frac{1}{2} and x+132 x + \frac{13}{2} are negative, so their product is positive.
  • Interval 2: 132<x<12 -\frac{13}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2} . In this region, x+132 x + \frac{13}{2} is positive and x12 x - \frac{1}{2} is negative, so their product is negative.
  • Interval 3: x>12 x > \frac{1}{2} . In this region, both x12 x - \frac{1}{2} and x+132 x + \frac{13}{2} are positive, so their product is positive.

Therefore, the function is positive for x<612 x < -6\frac{1}{2} and x>12 x > \frac{1}{2} .

Thus, the solution is:
x>12 x > \frac{1}{2} or x<612 x < -6\frac{1}{2}

Answer

x>12 x > \frac{1}{2} or x<612 x < -6\frac{1}{2}

Exercise #6

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=(x12)(x+612) y=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x+6\frac{1}{2}\right)

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

Let us solve the problem step by step to find: x x values for which f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 .

Firstly, identify the roots of the function y=(x12)(x+612) y = \left(x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x + 6\frac{1}{2}\right) :

  • The root from (x12)=0 \left(x - \frac{1}{2}\right) = 0 is x=12 x = \frac{1}{2} .
  • The root from (x+612)=0 \left(x + 6\frac{1}{2}\right) = 0 is x=612 x = -6\frac{1}{2} .

These roots divide the real number line into three intervals:

  • x<612 x < -6\frac{1}{2}
  • 612<x<12 -6\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2}
  • x>12 x > \frac{1}{2}

To determine where the function is negative, evaluate the sign in each interval:

  • For x<612 x < -6\frac{1}{2} : Both factors (x12) (x - \frac{1}{2}) and (x+612) (x + 6\frac{1}{2}) are negative, so their product is positive.
  • For 612<x<12 -6\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2} : (x12) (x - \frac{1}{2}) is negative and (x+612) (x + 6\frac{1}{2}) is positive, thus the product is negative.
  • For x>12 x > \frac{1}{2} : Both factors are positive, so their product is positive.

Hence, the function is negative on the interval: 612<x<12 -6\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2} .

Answer

612<x<12 -6\frac{1}{2} < x < \frac{1}{2}

Exercise #7

Look at the following function:

y=(5x1)(4x14) y=\left(5x-1\right)\left(4x-\frac{1}{4}\right)

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)>0 f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll perform the following steps:

  • Step 1: Identify the zeros of each factor.
  • Step 2: Determine the sign of each factor across different intervals on the number line.
  • Step 3: Identify where both factors give a positive product.

Now, let us work through each step:

Step 1: Find the values of x x where each factor equals zero:

  • 5x1=0 5x - 1 = 0 gives us x=15 x = \frac{1}{5} .
  • 4x14=0 4x - \frac{1}{4} = 0 gives us x=116 x = \frac{1}{16} .

These zeros divide the number line into intervals: x<116 x < \frac{1}{16} , 116<x<15 \frac{1}{16} < x < \frac{1}{5} , and x>15 x > \frac{1}{5} .

Step 2: Analyze the sign of each factor in each interval:

  • For x<116 x < \frac{1}{16} :
    • 5x1 5x - 1 is negative,
    • 4x14 4x - \frac{1}{4} is negative,
    • The product (5x1)(4x14) (5x - 1)(4x - \frac{1}{4}) is positive.
  • For 116<x<15 \frac{1}{16} < x < \frac{1}{5} :
    • 5x1 5x - 1 is negative,
    • 4x14 4x - \frac{1}{4} is positive,
    • The product (5x1)(4x14) (5x - 1)(4x - \frac{1}{4}) is negative.
  • For x>15 x > \frac{1}{5} :
    • 5x1 5x - 1 is positive,
    • 4x14 4x - \frac{1}{4} is positive,
    • The product (5x1)(4x14) (5x - 1)(4x - \frac{1}{4}) is positive.

Step 3: Identify intervals where product is positive:

  • x<116 x < \frac{1}{16} and x>15 x > \frac{1}{5} .

Therefore, the solution to the inequality y>0 y > 0 is:
x>15 x > \frac{1}{5} or x<116 x < \frac{1}{16} .

Answer

x>15 x > \frac{1}{5} or x<116 x < \frac{1}{16}

Exercise #8

Look at the function below:

y=(5x1)(4x14) y=\left(5x-1\right)\left(4x-\frac{1}{4}\right)

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve the problem of determining for which values of x x the function y=(5x1)(4x14) y = (5x-1)(4x-\frac{1}{4}) is negative, we will follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Determine the roots of the function by setting each factor equal to zero.
  • Step 2: Analyze the sign of the function on intervals defined by these roots.
  • Step 3: Identify where the function is negative based on this analysis.

Let's proceed with these steps:

Step 1: Find the roots of the function.

To find the roots, set each factor equal to zero:

5x1=0x=15 5x - 1 = 0 \Rightarrow x = \frac{1}{5}

4x14=0x=116 4x - \frac{1}{4} = 0 \Rightarrow x = \frac{1}{16}

Step 2: Determine the intervals on the number line.

The roots divide the number line into the following intervals: (,116) (-\infty, \frac{1}{16}) , (116,15) (\frac{1}{16}, \frac{1}{5}) , and (15,) (\frac{1}{5}, \infty) .

Step 3: Analyze the sign of the function in each interval:

  • For x<116 x < \frac{1}{16} : Both 5x1 5x - 1 and 4x14 4x - \frac{1}{4} are negative. Hence, their product is positive.
  • For 116<x<15 \frac{1}{16} < x < \frac{1}{5} : Here, 5x1 5x - 1 is negative, and 4x14 4x - \frac{1}{4} is positive, making the product negative.
  • For x>15 x > \frac{1}{5} : Both 5x1 5x - 1 and 4x14 4x - \frac{1}{4} are positive, resulting in a positive product.

Now, consolidate the findings:

The function y=(5x1)(4x14) y = (5x-1)(4x-\frac{1}{4}) is less than zero for values 116<x<15 \frac{1}{16} < x < \frac{1}{5} .

Therefore, the solution to the given problem is 116<x<15 \frac{1}{16} < x < \frac{1}{5} .

Answer

116<x<15 \frac{1}{16} < x < \frac{1}{5}

Exercise #9

Look at the following function:

y=(x12)(x+312) y=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-x+3\frac{1}{2}\right)

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll begin by finding the roots of the quadratic equation y=(x12)(x+312) y = \left(x - \frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-x + 3\frac{1}{2}\right) .

First, set each factor equal to zero:

  • x12=0 x - \frac{1}{2} = 0 gives x=12 x = \frac{1}{2}
  • x+312=0-x + 3\frac{1}{2} = 0 gives x=312 x = 3\frac{1}{2}

This means the roots of the quadratic are x=12 x = \frac{1}{2} and x=312 x = 3\frac{1}{2} .

Next, analyze the intervals determined by these roots:

  • Interval 1: x<12 x < \frac{1}{2}
  • Interval 2: 12<x<312 \frac{1}{2} < x < 3\frac{1}{2}
  • Interval 3: x>312 x > 3\frac{1}{2}

Perform a sign test within these intervals:

  • For x<12 x < \frac{1}{2} : Both x12 x - \frac{1}{2} and x+312 -x + 3\frac{1}{2} are negative, thus their product is positive (negative times negative is positive).
  • For 12<x<312 \frac{1}{2} < x < 3\frac{1}{2} : The factor x12 x - \frac{1}{2} is positive and x+312-x + 3\frac{1}{2} is positive as well, thus product is positive (positive times positive is positive).
  • For x>312 x > 3\frac{1}{2} : x12 x - \frac{1}{2} is positive, but x+312-x + 3\frac{1}{2} is negative, so the product is negative (positive times negative is negative).

Therefore, the quadratic function is negative for: x>312 x > 3\frac{1}{2} and x<12 x < \frac{1}{2} .

The solution to the problem is: x>312 x > 3\frac{1}{2} or x<12 x < \frac{1}{2} .

Answer

x>312 x > 3\frac{1}{2} or x<12 x < \frac{1}{2}

Exercise #10

Find the positive and negative domains of the function below:

y=(x12)(x+312) y=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-x+3\frac{1}{2}\right)

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)>0 f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll determine when the product (x12)(x+312) (x - \frac{1}{2})(-x + 3\frac{1}{2}) is positive. This involves finding the roots of the equation and testing the intervals between these roots:

Step 1: **Determine the roots of the factors.**
- The first factor x12=0 x - \frac{1}{2} = 0 gives the root x=12 x = \frac{1}{2} .
- The second factor x+312=0 -x + 3\frac{1}{2} = 0 gives the root x=312 x = 3\frac{1}{2} .

Step 2: **Identify intervals based on these roots.**
- The roots divide the x x -axis into three intervals: x<12 x < \frac{1}{2} , 12<x<312 \frac{1}{2} < x < 3\frac{1}{2} , and x>312 x > 3\frac{1}{2} .

Step 3: **Analyze the sign of the function in each interval.**
- For x<12 x < \frac{1}{2} :
- x12<0 x - \frac{1}{2} < 0 and x+312>0 -x + 3\frac{1}{2} > 0 , so the product is negative.
- For 12<x<312 \frac{1}{2} < x < 3\frac{1}{2} :
- Both x12>0 x - \frac{1}{2} > 0 and x+312>0 -x + 3\frac{1}{2} > 0 , so the product is positive.
- For x>312 x > 3\frac{1}{2} :
- x12>0 x - \frac{1}{2} > 0 and x+312<0 -x + 3\frac{1}{2} < 0 , so the product is negative.

Therefore, the intervals where y>0 y > 0 are 12<x<312 \frac{1}{2} < x < 3\frac{1}{2} .

This matches the given correct answer choice: 12<x<312 \frac{1}{2} < x < 3\frac{1}{2} .

Answer

12<x<312 \frac{1}{2} < x < 3\frac{1}{2}

Exercise #11

Look at the function below:

y=(2x12)(x214) y=\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x-2\frac{1}{4}\right)

Then determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)>0 f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we will examine the intervals defined by the roots of the quadratic function.

Step 1: Find the roots of each factor:
For 2x12=0 2x - \frac{1}{2} = 0 , solve for x x :
2x=12x=14 2x = \frac{1}{2} \quad \Rightarrow \quad x = \frac{1}{4}
For x214=0 x - 2\frac{1}{4} = 0 , solve for x x :
x=214 x = 2\frac{1}{4}

Step 2: Determine the test intervals around these roots, which are x<14 x < \frac{1}{4} , 14<x<214 \frac{1}{4} < x < 2\frac{1}{4} , and x>214 x > 2\frac{1}{4} .

Step 3: Test each interval to determine where the product is positive:

  • For x<14 x < \frac{1}{4} , both factors (2x12) (2x - \frac{1}{2}) and (x214) (x - 2\frac{1}{4}) are negative, so the product is positive.
  • For 14<x<214 \frac{1}{4} < x < 2\frac{1}{4} , one factor is positive (2x12)(2x - \frac{1}{2}) and the other is negative (x214)(x - 2\frac{1}{4}), resulting in a negative product.
  • For x>214 x > 2\frac{1}{4} , both factors (2x12) (2x - \frac{1}{2}) and (x214) (x - 2\frac{1}{4}) are positive, so the product is positive.

Therefore, the solution for f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 is when x>214 x > 2\frac{1}{4} or x<14 x < \frac{1}{4} .

The correct choice that matches this analysis is:
x>214 x > 2\frac{1}{4} or x<14 x < \frac{1}{4} .

Answer

x>214 x > 2\frac{1}{4} or x<14 x < \frac{1}{4}

Exercise #12

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=(2x12)(x214) y=\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x-2\frac{1}{4}\right)

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Identify the roots of the quadratic function.
  • Step 2: Analyze the intervals between these roots to determine where the function is negative.
  • Step 3: Write the final solution as the interval where f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 .

Now, let's work through each step:
Step 1: Determine the roots by solving each factor for zero:
- 2x12=02x=12x=14 2x - \frac{1}{2} = 0 \Rightarrow 2x = \frac{1}{2} \Rightarrow x = \frac{1}{4} .
- x214=0x=214 x - 2\frac{1}{4} = 0 \Rightarrow x = 2\frac{1}{4} .
Thus, the roots are x=14 x = \frac{1}{4} and x=214 x = 2\frac{1}{4} .

Step 2: Analyze the intervals determined by the roots x=14 x = \frac{1}{4} and x=214 x = 2\frac{1}{4} :

  • Interval 1: x<14 x < \frac{1}{4}
  • Interval 2: 14<x<214 \frac{1}{4} < x < 2\frac{1}{4}
  • Interval 3: x>214 x > 2\frac{1}{4}

Step 3: Test each interval:

  • For interval 1 x<14 x < \frac{1}{4} : Choose x=0 x = 0 . f(0)=(2(0)12)(0214)=(12)(214)=98>0 f(0) = \left(2(0) - \frac{1}{2}\right)(0 - 2\frac{1}{4}) = \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) \left(-2\frac{1}{4}\right) = \frac{9}{8} > 0 .
  • For interval 2 14<x<214 \frac{1}{4} < x < 2\frac{1}{4} : Choose x=1 x = 1 . f(1)=(2(1)12)(1214)=(32)(54)=158<0 f(1) = \left(2(1) - \frac{1}{2}\right)(1 - 2\frac{1}{4}) = \left(\frac{3}{2}\right)(-\frac{5}{4}) = -\frac{15}{8} < 0 .
  • For interval 3 x>214 x > 2\frac{1}{4} : Choose x=3 x = 3 . f(3)=(2(3)12)(3214)=(112)(34)=338>0 f(3) = \left(2(3) - \frac{1}{2}\right)(3 - 2\frac{1}{4}) = \left(\frac{11}{2}\right)\left(\frac{3}{4}\right) = \frac{33}{8} > 0 .

Therefore, the solution to f(x)<0 f(x) < 0 is found in the interval 14<x<214 \frac{1}{4} < x < 2\frac{1}{4} .

Answer

14<x<214 \frac{1}{4} < x < 2\frac{1}{4}

Exercise #13

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=x2+112x514 y=-x^2+1\frac{1}{2}x-5\frac{1}{4}

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the positive and negative domains of the function y=x2+32x214 y = -x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x - \frac{21}{4} , we first determine the roots of the equation:

Set y=0 y = 0 , giving us:

x2+32x214=0-x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x - \frac{21}{4} = 0.

Using the quadratic formula x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} , where a=1 a = -1 , b=32 b = \frac{3}{2} , and c=214 c = -\frac{21}{4} , we calculate:

  • First, compute the discriminant: b24ac=(32)24(1)(214)=94211=94844=754 b^2 - 4ac = \left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2 - 4(-1)\left(-\frac{21}{4}\right) = \frac{9}{4} - \frac{21}{1} = \frac{9}{4} - \frac{84}{4} = -\frac{75}{4} .
  • Since the discriminant is negative, the quadratic has no real roots.

This implies that the parabola does not intersect the x x -axis and since the quadratic coefficient a=1 a = -1 is negative, the parabola opens downwards.

Thus, the function is always negative for all x x . Therefore, the positive domain is empty, and the negative domain is the entire set of real numbers.

Conclusion: The solution to the problem is as follows:

x<0 x < 0 : for all x x

x>0 x > 0 : none

Answer

x<0: x < 0 : for all x x

x>0: x > 0 : none

Exercise #14

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=12x2+x1 y=-\frac{1}{2}x^2+x-1

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll determine where the quadratic function y=12x2+x1 y = -\frac{1}{2}x^2 + x - 1 is positive and negative.

Step 1: Find the roots of the quadratic equation.
We'll use the quadratic formula, x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} , where a=12 a = -\frac{1}{2} , b=1 b = 1 , and c=1 c = -1 .

Calculate the discriminant b24ac=124(12)(1)=12=1 b^2 - 4ac = 1^2 - 4(-\frac{1}{2})(-1) = 1 - 2 = -1 .
Notice that the discriminant is negative, meaning the quadratic equation has no real roots.

Step 2: Determine the sign of the quadratic function.
Since there are no real roots, the quadratic does not intersect the x-axis. Since a=12 a = -\frac{1}{2} , which is negative, the parabola opens downwards. Without real roots, it means it is always negative for all values of x x .

Conclusion: The function is negative for all x x .

Therefore, the positive and negative domains of the function are:

x<0: x < 0 : for all x x

x>0: x > 0 : none

Answer

x<0: x < 0 : for all x x

x>0: x > 0 : none

Exercise #15

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=13x2+12x+23 y=\frac{1}{3}x^2+\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{2}{3}

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we need to analyze the function y=13x2+12x+23 y = \frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{1}{2}x + \frac{2}{3} to determine where it is positive or negative. This function is quadratic, so it is a parabola. Let us find the domain of positive and negative values.

First, let's determine where the function is zero by finding its roots. This involves using the quadratic formula:

x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

Here, we have a=13 a = \frac{1}{3} , b=12 b = \frac{1}{2} , and c=23 c = \frac{2}{3} . The discriminant is calculated as follows:

b24ac=(12)241323=1489 b^2 - 4ac = \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{4} - \frac{8}{9}

Calculating gives:

140.25 \frac{1}{4} \approx 0.25 and 890.888 \frac{8}{9} \approx 0.888 which results in:

0.250.888=0.638 0.25 - 0.888 = -0.638

Since the discriminant is negative, there are no real roots. As the parabola opens upwards (since a=13>0 a = \frac{1}{3} > 0 ), the function never crosses the x-axis. Therefore, the function remains positive for all real values of x x and is never negative.

Thus, the positive domain consists of all real numbers, while there is no negative domain:

x>0 x > 0 : \) for all x x

x<0 x < 0 : \) none

Answer

x>0: x > 0 : for all x x

x<0: x < 0 : none

Exercise #16

Find the positive and negative domains of the function:

y=x2+21720 y=x^2+2\frac{17}{20}

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Understand the nature of the quadratic function
  • Step 2: Determine when y=x2+5720 y = x^2 + \frac{57}{20} is negative
  • Step 3: Determine when it is positive

Now, let's work through each step:
Step 1: The function y=x2+5720 y = x^2 + \frac{57}{20} is a parabola that opens upwards because x2 x^2 is always non-negative.
Step 2: Since x2 x^2 is always non-negative and 5720\frac{57}{20} is positive, y=x2+5720 y = x^2 + \frac{57}{20} is always positive or zero.
Step 3: The function cannot be negative given that both terms x2 x^2 and 5720\frac{57}{20} are both non-negative and positive, respectively.

However, for determining strictly positive values, it holds true for function value when y>0 y > 0 . This occurs when x0 x \neq 0 , but since y y is indeed non negative for all reals, looking for positive domains here matters less for positive values.

Therefore, the solution to the problem is:

x<0: x < 0 : none

x>0: x > 0 : all x

Answer

x<0: x < 0 : none

x>0: x > 0 : all x

Exercise #17

Find the positive and negative domains of the following function:

y=x2+34x2 y=-x^2+\frac{3}{4}x-2

Step-by-Step Solution

Let's begin by finding the roots of the quadratic function y=x2+34x2 y = -x^2 + \frac{3}{4}x - 2 . This will help us determine the intervals where the function is positive or negative.

The coefficients of the quadratic are a=1 a = -1 , b=34 b = \frac{3}{4} , and c=2 c = -2 . Applying the quadratic formula:

x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

Substitute in the values:

x=34±(34)24(1)(2)2(1) x = \frac{-\frac{3}{4} \pm \sqrt{\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2 - 4(-1)(-2)}}{2(-1)} x=34±91682 x = \frac{-\frac{3}{4} \pm \sqrt{\frac{9}{16} - 8}}{-2}

Calculate inside the square root:

9168=91612816=11916 \frac{9}{16} - 8 = \frac{9}{16} - \frac{128}{16} = \frac{-119}{16}

The discriminant b24ac b^2 - 4ac is negative (11916\frac{-119}{16}), indicating there are no real roots. Therefore, the quadratic function doesn't intersect the x-axis.

Since the parabola is downward (the coefficient of x2 x^2 is negative), it is negative for all xR x \in \mathbb{R} .

We conclude that:

  • The function y y does not have a positive domain for any real x x .
  • The function y y is negative for all x x .

Therefore, the positive and negative domains, based on choices given, are:

x>0 x > 0 : none

x<0 x < 0 : all x x

Answer

x>0: x > 0 : none

x<0: x < 0 : all x x

Exercise #18

Look at the following function:

y=16x2319x y=-\frac{1}{6}x^2-3\frac{1}{9}x

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)<0 f(x) < 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Identify the coefficients from the quadratic function y=16x2319x y = -\frac{1}{6}x^2 - 3\frac{1}{9}x . Here, a=16 a = -\frac{1}{6} , b=289 b = -\frac{28}{9} , and c=0 c = 0 .
  • Step 2: Find the roots using the quadratic formula:

x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}
Plugging in the values, we get:

x=(289)±(289)24×(16)×02×(16) x = \frac{-\left(-\frac{28}{9}\right) \pm \sqrt{\left(-\frac{28}{9}\right)^2 - 4 \times \left(-\frac{1}{6}\right) \times 0}}{2 \times \left(-\frac{1}{6}\right)}

Simplifying, we find:

x=28913 x = \frac{\frac{28}{9}}{-\frac{1}{3}}

x=289×3 x = \frac{28}{9} \times -3

x=849=913 x = -\frac{84}{9} = -9\frac{1}{3}

  • Step 3: Explore the intervals determined by these roots for where the function y y is negative:
  • Consider intervals (,1823) (-\infty, -18\frac{2}{3}) , (1823,0)(-18\frac{2}{3}, 0), and (0,) (0, \infty) .
  • Evaluate the sign of y y over each interval:

For (,1823) (-\infty, -18\frac{2}{3}) : Choose a sample point like x=20 x = -20 . Plug it in to see if y<0 y < 0 . It turns out this interval is negative.

For (1823,0)(-18\frac{2}{3}, 0): Choose a sample point like x=1 x = -1 . Plug it in to see if y>0 y > 0 . This interval turns out positive.

For (0,)(0, \infty): Choose a sample point like x=1 x = 1 . Plug it in to see if y<0 y < 0 . This interval turns out negative.

Therefore, the solution is when x>0 x > 0 or x<1823 x < -18\frac{2}{3} .

Thus, the quadratic function is negative outside the roots.

Therefore, the solution to the problem is x>0 x > 0 or x<1823 x < -18\frac{2}{3} .

Answer

x>0 x > 0 or x<1823 x < -18\frac{2}{3}

Exercise #19

Look at the following function:

y=16x2319x y=-\frac{1}{6}x^2-3\frac{1}{9}x

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)>0 f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

To solve this problem, we'll follow these steps:

  • Step 1: Identify the given equation in a standard form.
  • Step 2: Calculate the roots using the quadratic formula.
  • Step 3: Determine the sign of the function in different intervals determined by the roots.

Now, let's work through each step:

Step 1: The given quadratic function is y=16x2103x y = -\frac{1}{6}x^2 - \frac{10}{3}x . Here, a=16 a = -\frac{1}{6} , b=103 b = -\frac{10}{3} , and c=0 c = 0 .
We rewrite the function as y=16x2103x y = -\frac{1}{6}x^2 - \frac{10}{3}x .

Step 2: To find the roots of the quadratic equation, apply the quadratic formula:
x=b±b24ac2a x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

Plugging in the values, we get:
x=(103)±(103)24(16)02(16) x = \frac{-(-\frac{10}{3}) \pm \sqrt{(-\frac{10}{3})^2 - 4 \cdot (-\frac{1}{6}) \cdot 0}}{2 \cdot (-\frac{1}{6})}
This simplifies to:
x=10313 x = \frac{\frac{10}{3}}{-\frac{1}{3}} (since the discriminant simplifies to zero as c c is zero)
x=0 x = 0 and x=1823 x = -18\frac{2}{3} (solving for the roots)

Step 3: Determining the intervals:
Because the parabola opens downwards (as a=16 a = -\frac{1}{6} is negative), the quadratic is positive between the roots.
Thus, f(x)>0 f(x) > 0 in the interval 1823<x<0 -18\frac{2}{3} < x < 0 .

Therefore, the solution to the problem is 1823<x<0 -18\frac{2}{3} < x < 0 .

Answer

1823<x<0 -18\frac{2}{3} < x < 0

Exercise #20

Look at the following function:

y=17x2237x y=-\frac{1}{7}x^2-2\frac{3}{7}x

Determine for which values of x x the following is true:

f(x)>0 f(x) > 0

Step-by-Step Solution

First, we need to find the roots of the quadratic equation:

The quadratic is given by:
y=17x2177x y = -\frac{1}{7}x^2 - \frac{17}{7}x

Setting y=0 y = 0 to find the x x -intercepts (roots):
17x2177x=0-\frac{1}{7}x^2 - \frac{17}{7}x = 0

Factor out the common factor, 17x-\frac{1}{7}x:
17x(x+17)=0-\frac{1}{7}x(x + 17) = 0

This gives the roots:
x=0 x = 0 and x+17=0x=17 x + 17 = 0 \rightarrow x = -17

These roots divide the number line into intervals. We need to determine where y>0 y > 0 . Because the coefficient of x2 x^2 is negative, the parabola opens downward. The function will be positive between the roots.

Thus, we test the interval:
(17,0)(-17, 0)

Since the parabola opens downward, the function y>0 y > 0 is true in the interval 17<x<0 -17 < x < 0 .

Therefore, the solution to the problem is 17<x<0-17 < x < 0, which corresponds to choice 3.

Answer

17<x<0 -17 < x < 0